Transformación de las condiciones laborales de las mujeres ocupadas en el sector manufacturero de Costa Rica para su desarrollo y autonomía económica
Fecha
2020-08
Autores
Jiménez Montero, Daniela
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La Economía Feminista toma del feminismo las pretensiones de erradicar las construcciones
de género derivadas de la división sexual del trabajo y de reconocer la libertad de las mujeres
de “ser y hacer en todos los órdenes, fuera de relaciones de dominación” (Esquivel, 2012); y
toma, además, de la ciencia económica [hegemónica], sus herramientas, metodologías y objeto
de estudio. En ese sentido, “se encuentra en el cruce fértil y a la vez complejo entre feminismo
y economía” (Esquivel, 2012). Por lo tanto, hace de la autonomía económica femenina su más
preciada pretensión, en el entendido de que, para conseguirla debe cavar profundo y
transformarlo todo.
Es desde la Economía Feminista, como rama de la Economía Política, que la presente
investigación pretende analizar las condiciones de trabajo de las mujeres ocupadas en la
manufactura costarricense entre 2001 y 2019.
En correspondencia con sus objetivos específicos, este análisis consiste en: describir las
categorías “encierro”, “descrédito”, “explotación”, “marginalismo” y “exclusión política”, como
condiciones del trabajo femenino; determinar los aspectos sociales, económicos y políticos que
explican la prevalencia de estas condiciones; explorar la correspondencia entre la situación
observada para las mujeres trabajadoras y las políticas públicas aplicadas en Costa Rica; y
proponer lineamientos dirigidos a transformar las condiciones laborales de las mujeres
ocupadas en dicho sector.
La pertinencia de este estudio radica en explicar y proponer caminos (lineamientos) para
contrarrestar las condiciones de trabajo definidas y explicadas que evidencian la persistencia
de un contenido patriarcal al limitar el desarrollo de la autonomía económica femenina y,
consecuentemente, el desarrollo económico de la región latinoamericana.
Según la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) “la participación activa
y el poder de decisión de las mujeres en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad, es decir, el ejercicio
pleno de su autonomía constituye una condición imprescindible para el desarrollo y su
sostenibilidad” (2017, p. 7)
Feminist Economics takes from feminism the claims to eradicate constructions of gender derived from the sexual division of labor and to recognize the freedom of women of "being and doing in all orders, outside relations of domination" (Esquivel, 2012); and it also takes from [hegemonic] economic science, its tools, methodologies and object study. In that sense, “it is at the fertile and at the same time complex crossroads between feminism and economy ”(Esquivel, 2012). Therefore, it makes female economic autonomy its most prized claim, in the understanding that, to achieve it, he must dig deep and transform everything. It is from the Feminist Economy, as a branch of Political Economy, that the present The research aims to analyze the working conditions of women employed in the Costa Rican manufacturing between 2001 and 2019. In accordance with its specific objectives, this analysis consists of: describing the categories "confinement", "discredit", "exploitation", "marginalism" and "political exclusion", such as conditions of female work; determine the social, economic and political aspects that explain the prevalence of these conditions; explore the correspondence between the situation observed for working women and the public policies applied in Costa Rica; and propose guidelines aimed at transforming the working conditions of women employed in said sector. The relevance of this study lies in explaining and proposing ways (guidelines) to counteract defined and explained working conditions that evidence persistence patriarchal content by limiting the development of female economic autonomy and, consequently, the economic development of the Latin American region. According to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) “active participation and the decision-making power of women in all areas of society, that is, the exercise full of their autonomy is an essential condition for development and their sustainability ”(2017, p. 7)
Feminist Economics takes from feminism the claims to eradicate constructions of gender derived from the sexual division of labor and to recognize the freedom of women of "being and doing in all orders, outside relations of domination" (Esquivel, 2012); and it also takes from [hegemonic] economic science, its tools, methodologies and object study. In that sense, “it is at the fertile and at the same time complex crossroads between feminism and economy ”(Esquivel, 2012). Therefore, it makes female economic autonomy its most prized claim, in the understanding that, to achieve it, he must dig deep and transform everything. It is from the Feminist Economy, as a branch of Political Economy, that the present The research aims to analyze the working conditions of women employed in the Costa Rican manufacturing between 2001 and 2019. In accordance with its specific objectives, this analysis consists of: describing the categories "confinement", "discredit", "exploitation", "marginalism" and "political exclusion", such as conditions of female work; determine the social, economic and political aspects that explain the prevalence of these conditions; explore the correspondence between the situation observed for working women and the public policies applied in Costa Rica; and propose guidelines aimed at transforming the working conditions of women employed in said sector. The relevance of this study lies in explaining and proposing ways (guidelines) to counteract defined and explained working conditions that evidence persistence patriarchal content by limiting the development of female economic autonomy and, consequently, the economic development of the Latin American region. According to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) “active participation and the decision-making power of women in all areas of society, that is, the exercise full of their autonomy is an essential condition for development and their sustainability ”(2017, p. 7)
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, MUJERES, WOMEN, DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO, WORKING CONDITIONS, GÉNERO (SEXO), GENDER (SEX)