Elementos psicológicos presentes en procesos de rehabilitación de futbolistas de alto rendimiento competitivo. Un estudio de caso de tres jugadores de primera división de Costa Rica, desde la perspectiva de la psicología del deporte
Fecha
2024-09
Autores
Porras Brenes, Melisa
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En el contexto costarricense, el fútbol desempeña un rol central tanto a nivel cultural como deportivo, por ser el deporte más practicado y difundido, y el que recibe mayor atención y presupuesto, tanto de la Federación Nacional como de la inversión privada. La alta competición en este deporte exige que los deportistas mantengan un rendimiento máximo para alcanzar logros y metas, lo que conlleva la aparición de lesiones deportivas que interrumpen, de manera momentánea o prolongada, la actividad profesional. Esta investigación se enfoca en explorar y analizar cómo un grupo de jugadores de fútbol de primera división de Costa Rica vivencia las lesiones deportivas graves, profundizando en la dimensión psicológica a través de sus emociones, cogniciones y conductas. Se evidencia la relación directa entre la afectación física y los múltiples elementos psicológicos que median durante el proceso de rehabilitación de estos atletas. El estudio toma en cuenta aspectos intrínsecos del deportista, como la personalidad, estrategias de afrontamiento y características individuales, así como aspectos extrínsecos como el apoyo familiar, el equipo médico, los entrenadores, compañeros de equipo, y la situación socioeconómica, considerando al atleta como un ser integral. Utilizando una metodología cualitativa y el método de estudio de casos, esta investigación se basa en las experiencias vivenciales de tres jugadores de primera división costarricense que enfrentan una lesión deportiva grave. A través de entrevistas en profundidad, se recaba información sobre cómo estos jugadores transitan por la lesión y su proceso de recuperación, el cual implica un retiro temporal de la práctica deportiva. El objetivo de esta investigación es generar conocimiento no solo para verificar si los postulados teóricos de la psicología del deporte sobre la rehabilitación de lesiones se reflejan en las experiencias de los deportistas, sino también para destacar la dimensión humana de estos atletas. Se busca resaltar que son personas que enfrentan una multitud de sentimientos, emociones y miedos, los cuales son inherentes a su ser y determinantes para una rehabilitación exitosa. Proporciona, además, una perspectiva integral que subraya la importancia de un enfoque que combine el tratamiento físico con el apoyo psicológico, con el fin de mejorar la recuperación y el bienestar general de los futbolistas lesionados.
In the Costa Rican context, football plays a central role both culturally and sportingly, as it is the most widely practiced and widespread sport, and the one that receives the most attention and budget, both from the National Federation and from private investment. High competition in this sport requires athletes to maintain maximum performance to achieve goals and objectives, which leads to the appearance of sports injuries that interrupt, momentarily or for a long time, professional activity. This research focuses on exploring and analyzing how a group of first division soccer players in Costa Rica experience serious sports injuries, delving into the psychological dimension through their emotions, cognitions and behaviors. The direct relationship between physical impairment and the multiple psychological elements that mediate during the rehabilitation process of these athletes is evident. The study takes into account intrinsic aspects of the athlete, such as personality, coping strategies and individual characteristics, as well as extrinsic aspects such as family support, medical team, coaches, teammates, and socioeconomic situation, considering the athlete as an integral being. Using a qualitative methodology and the case study method, this research is based on the lived experiences of three Costa Rican first division players facing a serious sports injury. Through in-depth interviews, information is gathered on how these players go through the injury and their recovery process, which involves a temporary retirement from sports practice. The objective of this research is to generate knowledge not only to verify whether the theoretical postulates of sports psychology on injury rehabilitation are reflected in the experiences of athletes, but also to highlight the human dimension of these athletes. It seeks to highlight that they are people who face a multitude of feelings, emotions and fears, which are inherent to their being and determinants for successful rehabilitation. It also provides a comprehensive perspective that underlines the importance of an approach that combines physical treatment with psychological support, in order to improve the recovery and general well-being of injured soccer players.
In the Costa Rican context, football plays a central role both culturally and sportingly, as it is the most widely practiced and widespread sport, and the one that receives the most attention and budget, both from the National Federation and from private investment. High competition in this sport requires athletes to maintain maximum performance to achieve goals and objectives, which leads to the appearance of sports injuries that interrupt, momentarily or for a long time, professional activity. This research focuses on exploring and analyzing how a group of first division soccer players in Costa Rica experience serious sports injuries, delving into the psychological dimension through their emotions, cognitions and behaviors. The direct relationship between physical impairment and the multiple psychological elements that mediate during the rehabilitation process of these athletes is evident. The study takes into account intrinsic aspects of the athlete, such as personality, coping strategies and individual characteristics, as well as extrinsic aspects such as family support, medical team, coaches, teammates, and socioeconomic situation, considering the athlete as an integral being. Using a qualitative methodology and the case study method, this research is based on the lived experiences of three Costa Rican first division players facing a serious sports injury. Through in-depth interviews, information is gathered on how these players go through the injury and their recovery process, which involves a temporary retirement from sports practice. The objective of this research is to generate knowledge not only to verify whether the theoretical postulates of sports psychology on injury rehabilitation are reflected in the experiences of athletes, but also to highlight the human dimension of these athletes. It seeks to highlight that they are people who face a multitude of feelings, emotions and fears, which are inherent to their being and determinants for successful rehabilitation. It also provides a comprehensive perspective that underlines the importance of an approach that combines physical treatment with psychological support, in order to improve the recovery and general well-being of injured soccer players.
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Palabras clave
FÚTBOL, FUTBOLISTAS, LESIONES, PSICOLOGÍA DEL DEPORTE, REHABILITACIÓN, ASPECTOS PSICOLÓGICOS, TERAPÉUTICA, FOOTBALL, FOOTBALL PLAYERS, INJURIES, SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY, REHABILITATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS, THERAPEUTIC