Interacción Universidad-Comunidades: una aproximación desde la extensión crítica a los procesos de extensión en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, a partir de los discursos y prácticas universitarias y comunitarias 2017-2021
Fecha
2024-12-05
Autores
Mena García, Priscilla
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Desde inicios del siglo XX, las universidades públicas latinoamericanas vislumbran como un componente clave el establecimiento de una relación directa con la sociedad, así como la formación de cuadros profesionales que tuviesen incidencia en la realidad. A partir de estas iniciativas se gesta la extensión como un área sustantiva del quehacer universitario. En este contexto surge la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA), la cual desde sus orígenes ha estado comprometida con la extensión, mediante la interacción y el trabajo conjunto con las comunidades costarricenses, de forma participativa y en pro no solo del intercambio de saberes, sino también de la coproducción de conocimiento fuera de los muros universitarios; en busca de procesos transformadores de una sociedad más justa y solidaria. Ante esto, la presente tesis explora los aportes e impactos de los procesos de extensión en el periodo 2017-2021, desde el abordaje comunitario, develando dinámicas culturales y políticas relativas a los saberes, vivires y prácticas sociales que se generan, como corolario de la interacción universidad- comunidad, a partir de las cuales se busca contribuir a la transformación, sin despojarlas de su visión de mundo, autonomía, dignidad y conciencia crítica. Esta tesis doctoral consta de 6 capítulos que abordan aspectos claves de la extensión. Parte de una síntesis de la historia de la extensión universitaria en el contexto mundial, latinoamericano y nacional (específicamente el de la UNA). La investigación se enmarca en las bases teórico- metodológicas de la extensión crítica, así como la definición de conceptos y categorías consideradas claves en la interacción universidad- comunidades. Referente a los aspectos metodológicos el tipo de investigación está relacionado con los estudios de caso y rasgos de la investigación etnográfica. El enfoque es cualitativo y para ello se desplegaron diferentes técnicas, tales como: la entrevista a profundidad, los talleres participativos desde la metodología del teatro espontáneo y el análisis crítico del discurso. Específicamente, se buscó conocer desde diferentes categorías y criterios analíticos la mirada de las comunidades participantes en 4 estudios de caso, analizándolos en lo referente a los procesos de extensión, llevados a cabo de manera conjunta con la UNA. Dichos estudios de caso pertenecen a 4 de las Sedes de la UNA: Sede Huetar Norte y Caribe, Campus Omar Dengo, Sede Brunca y Sede Chorotega (Campus Liberia), incluyendo también la participación de los equipos extensionistas (docentes y estudiantado). Como resultados de la investigación se pone en valor a partir de los conceptos: necesidades, frontera simbólica, metodologías participativas, transformación social, diálogos de saberes y vivires y relaciones de poder; las formas de realizar los procesos de extensión en la interacción universidad- comunidades; ello como se mencionó, considerando los discursos y las prácticas universitarias y comunitarias. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, esta investigación propone 4 desafíos que enfrenta la extensión universitaria en el marco de la corriente denominada extensión crítica y de sus principales posicionamientos: anticapitalista, antipatriarcal y anticolonial. Ello con el objetivo de que desde la universidad y específicamente desde las Vicerrectorías de Extensión se promuevan acciones que permitan generar las condiciones para realizar procesos de extensión que respondan a las necesidades vitales de las comunidades y de esta forma contribuir a la transformación social, cuyos efectos se evidencien en el bienestar común, en la justicia social y el cuido del ambiente en la búsqueda de una sociedad más solidaria y justa.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Latin American public universities have viewed establishing a direct relationship with society as a key component, as well as the training of professional cadres who have an impact on reality. From these initiatives, outreach emerged as a substantive area of university activity. In this context, the National University of Costa Rica (UNA) emerged. Since its inception, it has been committed to outreach through interaction and collaborative work with Costa Rican communities, in a participatory manner, promoting not only the exchange of knowledge but also the co-production of knowledge beyond university walls, in pursuit of transformative processes for a more just and supportive society. In light of this, this thesis explores the contributions and impacts of outreach processes from 2017 to 2021, using a community-based approach. It uncovers cultural and political dynamics related to the knowledge, lifestyles, and social practices generated as a corollary of university-community interaction. This doctoral thesis seeks to contribute to transformation without stripping them of their worldview, autonomy, dignity, and critical awareness. This doctoral thesis consists of six chapters that address key aspects of outreach. It begins with a synthesis of the history of university outreach in the global, Latin American, and national contexts (specifically that of the UNA). The research is framed within the theoretical and methodological foundations of critical outreach, as well as the definition of concepts and categories considered key to university-community interaction. Regarding methodological aspects, the type of research is related to case studies and features of ethnographic research. The approach is qualitative, utilizing various techniques, such as in-depth interviews, participatory workshops using the spontaneous theater methodology, and critical discourse analysis. Specifically, the objective was to understand the perspectives of the participating communities in four case studies, using different categories and analytical criteria, analyzing them in relation to the outreach processes carried out jointly with UNA. These case studies pertain to four UNA campuses: Huetar Norte and Caribe Campus, Omar Dengo Campus, Brunca Campus, and Chorotega Campus (Liberia Campus), also including the participation of outreach teams (faculty and students). The research results highlight the concepts of needs, symbolic boundaries, participatory methodologies, social transformation, dialogues of knowledge and experiences, and power relations, as well as the ways in which outreach processes are carried out in university-community interactions. As mentioned, this study considers university and community discourses and practices. Based on the results obtained, this research proposes four challenges facing university outreach within the framework of the so-called critical outreach movement and its main positions: anti-capitalist, anti-patriarchal, and anti-colonial. The objective is for universities, and specifically the Vice-Rectors of Outreach, to promote actions that generate the conditions for outreach processes that respond to the vital needs of communities and thus contribute to social transformation, the effects of which are evident in the common good, social justice, and environmental stewardship in the pursuit of a more supportive and just society.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Latin American public universities have viewed establishing a direct relationship with society as a key component, as well as the training of professional cadres who have an impact on reality. From these initiatives, outreach emerged as a substantive area of university activity. In this context, the National University of Costa Rica (UNA) emerged. Since its inception, it has been committed to outreach through interaction and collaborative work with Costa Rican communities, in a participatory manner, promoting not only the exchange of knowledge but also the co-production of knowledge beyond university walls, in pursuit of transformative processes for a more just and supportive society. In light of this, this thesis explores the contributions and impacts of outreach processes from 2017 to 2021, using a community-based approach. It uncovers cultural and political dynamics related to the knowledge, lifestyles, and social practices generated as a corollary of university-community interaction. This doctoral thesis seeks to contribute to transformation without stripping them of their worldview, autonomy, dignity, and critical awareness. This doctoral thesis consists of six chapters that address key aspects of outreach. It begins with a synthesis of the history of university outreach in the global, Latin American, and national contexts (specifically that of the UNA). The research is framed within the theoretical and methodological foundations of critical outreach, as well as the definition of concepts and categories considered key to university-community interaction. Regarding methodological aspects, the type of research is related to case studies and features of ethnographic research. The approach is qualitative, utilizing various techniques, such as in-depth interviews, participatory workshops using the spontaneous theater methodology, and critical discourse analysis. Specifically, the objective was to understand the perspectives of the participating communities in four case studies, using different categories and analytical criteria, analyzing them in relation to the outreach processes carried out jointly with UNA. These case studies pertain to four UNA campuses: Huetar Norte and Caribe Campus, Omar Dengo Campus, Brunca Campus, and Chorotega Campus (Liberia Campus), also including the participation of outreach teams (faculty and students). The research results highlight the concepts of needs, symbolic boundaries, participatory methodologies, social transformation, dialogues of knowledge and experiences, and power relations, as well as the ways in which outreach processes are carried out in university-community interactions. As mentioned, this study considers university and community discourses and practices. Based on the results obtained, this research proposes four challenges facing university outreach within the framework of the so-called critical outreach movement and its main positions: anti-capitalist, anti-patriarchal, and anti-colonial. The objective is for universities, and specifically the Vice-Rectors of Outreach, to promote actions that generate the conditions for outreach processes that respond to the vital needs of communities and thus contribute to social transformation, the effects of which are evident in the common good, social justice, and environmental stewardship in the pursuit of a more supportive and just society.
Descripción
Extensión Universitaria
Palabras clave
EXTENSIÓN UNIVERSITARIA, COMUNIDADES, NVESTIGACIÓN PARTICIPATIVA, INTERACCIÓN SOCIAL, PARTICIPACIÓN SOCIAL, UNIVERSITY EXTENSION, COMMUNITIES, PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH, SOCIAL INTERACTION, SOCIAL PARTICIPATION