Caracterización de los factores demográficos y biológicos de las poblaciones de elasmobranquios más comunes en Bahía Santa Elena, como elemento clave para el manejo de esa zona marino costera
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Fecha
2018
Autores
Escoto Murillo, Andrés
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación hace recomendaciones para el manejo pesquero acordes a los factores demográficos y biológicos de los elasmobranquios. Para ello se empleó la metodología de censo subacuático en Bahía Santa Elena (BSE) para determinar la diversidad, abundancia relativa y distribución de las especies. En Estero Grande (EG) se utilizó un trasmallo para Identificar aspectos biométricos junto con la biología reproductiva. Se llevó a cabo muestreos de capturas en los puestos de recibo de pescado de Cuajiniquil para determinar la estructura de tallas de captura, con base en muestreos un día al mes durante un periodo de un año. Adicionalmente se aplicó el índice de gobernanza mundial adaptado de la Ley de Pesca y Acuicultura #8436 (Publicada el 10 de febrero del 2005) junto con encuestas a los pescadores con el fin de identificar la percepción social referente a los factores del desarrollo sostenible. Entre los principales resultados destaca que en BSE los meses de mayor precipitación se relacionan con los picos de los índices de diversidad, pero con poca distribución espacial. Se presenta un remplazo estacional de especies donde destaca el arribo de R. steindachneri, M. munkiana, durante los meses de lluvia y M. henlei y S. lewini durante los Vientos Alisios. El periodo de desove principal para Myliobatiformes se ubica cerca de noviembre, sin embargo U. nana presenta un segundo periodo de desove en julio. La biometría indica dominancia de tallas fuera de madurez sexual en tiburones y viceversa en rayas. Finalmente, la actividad de pesca con trasmallo de fondo se caracterizó por un bajo rendimiento económico, que incide en captura de juveniles de S. lewini.
The present research work makes recommendations for fisheries management according to the demographic and biological factors of the elasmobranchs. For this, the methodology of underwater census in Santa Elena Bay (BSE) was used to determine the diversity, relative abundance and distribution of the species. In Estero Grande (EG) a gillnet was used to identify biometric aspects together with reproductive biology. Capture samplings were carried out at the Cuajiniquil fish receipt stations to determine the size structure of the catch, based on sampling one day per month for a period of one year. In addition, the adapted global governance index of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Law # 8436 (Published on February 1 0, 2005) was applied, along with surveys of fishermen to identify the social perception regarding the factors of sustainable development. Among the main results, it stands out that in BSE the months of greatest precipitation are related to the peaks of the diversity indexes, but with little spatial distribution. A seasonal replacement of species is presented, highlighting the arrival of R. steindachneri, M. munkiana, during the rainy months and M. henlei and S. lewini during the Trade Winds. The main spawning period for Myliobatiformes is near November, however U. nana presents a second spawning period in July. Biometrics indicates dominance of sizes outside of sexual maturity in sharks and vice versa in rays. Finally, bottom gillnet fishing activity was characterized -by Iow economic performance, which affects the capture of S. lewini juveniles.
The present research work makes recommendations for fisheries management according to the demographic and biological factors of the elasmobranchs. For this, the methodology of underwater census in Santa Elena Bay (BSE) was used to determine the diversity, relative abundance and distribution of the species. In Estero Grande (EG) a gillnet was used to identify biometric aspects together with reproductive biology. Capture samplings were carried out at the Cuajiniquil fish receipt stations to determine the size structure of the catch, based on sampling one day per month for a period of one year. In addition, the adapted global governance index of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Law # 8436 (Published on February 1 0, 2005) was applied, along with surveys of fishermen to identify the social perception regarding the factors of sustainable development. Among the main results, it stands out that in BSE the months of greatest precipitation are related to the peaks of the diversity indexes, but with little spatial distribution. A seasonal replacement of species is presented, highlighting the arrival of R. steindachneri, M. munkiana, during the rainy months and M. henlei and S. lewini during the Trade Winds. The main spawning period for Myliobatiformes is near November, however U. nana presents a second spawning period in July. Biometrics indicates dominance of sizes outside of sexual maturity in sharks and vice versa in rays. Finally, bottom gillnet fishing activity was characterized -by Iow economic performance, which affects the capture of S. lewini juveniles.
Descripción
Escoto Murillo, A. (2018). Caracterización de los factores demográficos y biológicos de las poblaciones de elasmobranquios más comunes en Bahía Santa Elena, como elemento clave para el manejo de esa zona marino costera. [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
TIBURON, SHARK, RAYAS (PECES), PESCA, FISHING, PECES, DEMOGRAFIA, TEMPERATURA, COSTA RICA