Determinación de diferencias en el manejo agronómico del café (coffea arabica L.) en las zonas del valle occidental y zona norte, para el mejoramiento de las prácticas agrícolas y productivas
Fecha
2023
Autores
Ramírez Castro, Elizabeth del Carmen
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El estudio se desarrolló en el Instituto del Café de Costa Rica (ICAFE) con el fin de analizar las diferencias en el manejo agronómico de fincas cafetaleras ubicadas en las regiones Valle Occidental y Zona Norte. La investigación surge debido a la disminución en la productividad cafetalera del país y la necesidad de identificar prácticas agrícolas que permitan mejorar la sostenibilidad y el rendimiento de las fincas productoras de café. Dferenciar el manejo agronómico de las fincas pertenecientes al programa de extensión del ICAFE para contribuir al mejoramiento de las prácticas agrícolas y productivas. Entre los objetivos específicos se planteó establecer líneas de referencia de los sistemas de producción mediante un diagnóstico, determinar estrategias socioculturales y de producción sostenible, y desarrollar un plan integral para el manejo sostenible de las fincas de ambas regiones. Se realizaron de encuestas a productores de café utilizando la herramienta KoboToolbox, con el propósito de recopilar información sociocultural, productiva y relacionada con prácticas sostenibles. Además, se desarrollaron talleres, grupos focales y lluvias de ideas con ingenieros del ICAFE y productores, con el fin de analizar los resultados obtenidos y definir estrategias de manejo adaptadas a las necesidades de cada zona. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre ambas regiones. En el Valle Occidental predominó un mayor nivel de tecnificación, reflejado en prácticas como el muestreo de suelos, aplicación de enmiendas, uso adecuado de fertilizantes y monitoreo de plagas, lo que permitió mayores niveles de productividad. Por el contrario, en la Zona Norte se observó una menor adopción de prácticas técnicas y de manejo integrado, lo cual incidió en rendimientos más bajos y mayor susceptibilidad a plagas y enfermedades. Asimismo, se identificó que la implementación de prácticas sostenibles, como el manejo integrado de plagas, el fertirriego y los sistemas agroforestales, contribuye a mejorar la productividad y sostenibilidad de los sistemas cafetaleros.
Coffee cultivation is one of the most important agricultural activities in Costa Rica due to its economic and cultural relevance. However, coffee productivity has decreased in recent years because of factors such as high production costs, climate variability, soil fertility loss, and limited implementation of sustainable agronomic practices. In response to this situation, the Coffee Institute of Costa Rica (ICAFE) conducted a study in the Western Valley and Northern regions to identify differences in coffee farm management and propose strategies to improve agricultural and productive practices. The study was to differentiate the agronomic management of coffee farms in both regions through the establishment of production system baselines, the identification of sociocultural and sustainable production strategies, and the development of integral management plans. The application of surveys through KoboToolbox to 60 coffee producers from both regions. The collected information considered sociocultural, productive, and sustainable management aspects. Data analysis and strategy development were carried out through participatory workshops and focus groups with ICAFE engineers and producers. The results showed significant differences between regions. The Western Valley presented higher levels of technification, including soil analysis, fertilizer application, equipment calibration, and phytosanitary monitoring, resulting in medium and high productivity levels. In contrast, the Northern region showed lower levels of agronomic management and lower productivity. Additionally, integrated pest management practices and sustainable technologies such as fertigation and agroforestry systems were identified as viable alternatives to improve productivity and sustainability in coffee production systems.
Coffee cultivation is one of the most important agricultural activities in Costa Rica due to its economic and cultural relevance. However, coffee productivity has decreased in recent years because of factors such as high production costs, climate variability, soil fertility loss, and limited implementation of sustainable agronomic practices. In response to this situation, the Coffee Institute of Costa Rica (ICAFE) conducted a study in the Western Valley and Northern regions to identify differences in coffee farm management and propose strategies to improve agricultural and productive practices. The study was to differentiate the agronomic management of coffee farms in both regions through the establishment of production system baselines, the identification of sociocultural and sustainable production strategies, and the development of integral management plans. The application of surveys through KoboToolbox to 60 coffee producers from both regions. The collected information considered sociocultural, productive, and sustainable management aspects. Data analysis and strategy development were carried out through participatory workshops and focus groups with ICAFE engineers and producers. The results showed significant differences between regions. The Western Valley presented higher levels of technification, including soil analysis, fertilizer application, equipment calibration, and phytosanitary monitoring, resulting in medium and high productivity levels. In contrast, the Northern region showed lower levels of agronomic management and lower productivity. Additionally, integrated pest management practices and sustainable technologies such as fertigation and agroforestry systems were identified as viable alternatives to improve productivity and sustainability in coffee production systems.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía, modalidad: pasantía
Palabras clave
manejo agronómico, café, CAFÉ, COFFEE, CULTIVO, CULTIVATION, AGRICULTURA, AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTORES, FARMERS, PRODUCCIÓN AGROPECUARIA, AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, SOSTENIBILIDAD, SUSTAINABILITY
