Creencias en salud que inciden en la adherencia terapéutica de cuatro pacientes con insuficiencia cardiáca congestiva (ICC) del Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, 2019-2020
Fecha
2020-09
Autores
Arce Ramírez, Sherley Natalia
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo es deriva de un proceso de investigación realizado con cuatro
personas pacientes del área de Cardiología del Hospital San Vicente de Paúl,
diagnosticadas con Insuficiencia Cardiaca Congestiva (ICC).
El estudio se caracteriza por ser una investigación cualitativa de tipo
fenomenológico, que tuvo como objetivo de investigación analizar las Creencias en
Salud que inciden en la adherencia terapéutica de los cuatro pacientes con Insuficiencia
Cardiaca Congestiva, el cual se abordó a partir de los objetivos específicos, los cuales
consistieron en determinar los significados asociados a la Insuficiencia Cardíaca
Congestiva en los pacientes, describir las creencias asociadas a la eficacia o no del
tratamiento de la Insuficiencia Cardíaca Congestiva y determinar las claves para la
acción que influyen en la adherencia terapéutica de estos cuatro pacientes participantes.
El informe del estudio está compuesto por cinco capítulos, de forma que en su
primer apartado se expondrá el problema desde el cual se sustenta la presente
investigación, así como una síntesis de las áreas que han abordado la problemática de
adherencia terapéutica de la Insuficiencia Cardíaca Congestiva, las cuales abarcan los
diferentes factores biopsicosociales y elementos asociados a la adherencia terapéutica,
las principales creencias y experiencias de los pacientes con la enfermedad y finalmente
las diversas estrategias de acción que buscan mejorar la adherencia de los mismos.
En su segundo apartado se expone el referente teórico desde el cual se analiza el
problema, partiendo de la Psicología de la Salud, la cual expone el Modelo de Creencias
en Salud, que estudia las principales creencias o interpretaciones por las cuales las
personas tienen diversas conductas de adherencia o evitación a un tratamiento, así como
el significado de riesgo ante la enfermedad. Siendo este un modelo teórico que permite
un análisis de la enfermedad cardiovascular, desde la interpretación y el significado que
otorga la persona a su enfermedad y el tratamiento de esta.
En el tercer apartado de la investigación se explica la metodología utilizada, la
cual consistió en el método fenomenológico el cual permitió dar a conocer la realidad de
las personas desde sus vivencias y experiencias, luego del diagnóstico de la enfermedad.
La técnica utilizada para la recolección de los datos fue la entrevista a profundidad cuyo
propósito consistió en explicar a profundidad y detalladamente la experiencia de las
personas, así como las creencias que derivaron de estas.
Seguidamente, en el cuarto apartado se analizan los diferentes resultados, así
como la interpretación de los mismos, de acuerdo con las diferentes categorías de
análisis que surgieron de la narrativa de las entrevistas, así como desde el referente
conceptual propuesto. Además, se expone una construcción de significados guiados
bajo aspectos fenomenológicos.
Finalmente, en el quinto apartado se detallan las principales conclusiones que
derivan del proceso investigativo, las cuales contemplan los diversos significados que
otorgan las personas a su enfermedad, la adherencia terapéutica al tratamiento general,
así como las claves para la acción que influyen en su adherencia terapéutica,
concluyendo con las recomendaciones que se sugieren para futuras intervenciones
teóricas, prácticas y científicas.
The present work is derived from a research process carried out with four patients of the Cardiology area of the Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, diagnosed with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The study is characterized by being a qualitative research of the type phenomenological, whose research objective was to analyze Beliefs in Health that affect the therapeutic adherence of the four patients with Impairment Cardiac Congestive, which was approached from the specific objectives, which consisted of determining the meanings associated with Heart Failure Congestive in patients, describe the beliefs associated with the efficacy or not of the treatment of Congestive Heart Failure and determine the keys to the action that influence the therapeutic adherence of these four participating patients. The study report is made up of five chapters, so that in its first section will expose the problem from which the present is based research, as well as a synthesis of the areas that have addressed the problem of therapeutic adherence of Congestive Heart Failure, which include the different biopsychosocial factors and elements associated with therapeutic adherence, the main beliefs and experiences of patients with the disease and finally the various action strategies that seek to improve their adherence. In its second section, the theoretical reference from which the problem, starting from Health Psychology, which exposes the Model of Beliefs in Health, which studies the main beliefs or interpretations by which the people have various behaviors of adherence or avoidance to a treatment, as well as the meaning of risk before the disease. This being a theoretical model that allows an analysis of cardiovascular disease, from the interpretation and meaning that gives the person to their disease and its treatment. The third section of the research explains the methodology used, the which consisted of the phenomenological method which allowed to make known the reality of people from their experiences and experiences, after the diagnosis of the disease. The technique used to collect the data was the in-depth interview whose The purpose was to explain in depth and detail the experience of the people, as well as the beliefs that derived from them. Next, in the fourth section, the different results are analyzed, thus as the interpretation of them, according to the different categories of analyzes that emerged from the narrative of the interviews, as well as from the referent proposed conceptual. In addition, a construction of guided meanings is exposed under phenomenological aspects. Finally, in the fifth section the main conclusions that derived from the investigative process, which contemplate the various meanings that give people to their disease, therapeutic adherence to general treatment, as well as the keys for the action that influence their therapeutic adherence, concluding with the recommendations that are suggested for future interventions theoretical, practical and scientific.
The present work is derived from a research process carried out with four patients of the Cardiology area of the Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, diagnosed with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The study is characterized by being a qualitative research of the type phenomenological, whose research objective was to analyze Beliefs in Health that affect the therapeutic adherence of the four patients with Impairment Cardiac Congestive, which was approached from the specific objectives, which consisted of determining the meanings associated with Heart Failure Congestive in patients, describe the beliefs associated with the efficacy or not of the treatment of Congestive Heart Failure and determine the keys to the action that influence the therapeutic adherence of these four participating patients. The study report is made up of five chapters, so that in its first section will expose the problem from which the present is based research, as well as a synthesis of the areas that have addressed the problem of therapeutic adherence of Congestive Heart Failure, which include the different biopsychosocial factors and elements associated with therapeutic adherence, the main beliefs and experiences of patients with the disease and finally the various action strategies that seek to improve their adherence. In its second section, the theoretical reference from which the problem, starting from Health Psychology, which exposes the Model of Beliefs in Health, which studies the main beliefs or interpretations by which the people have various behaviors of adherence or avoidance to a treatment, as well as the meaning of risk before the disease. This being a theoretical model that allows an analysis of cardiovascular disease, from the interpretation and meaning that gives the person to their disease and its treatment. The third section of the research explains the methodology used, the which consisted of the phenomenological method which allowed to make known the reality of people from their experiences and experiences, after the diagnosis of the disease. The technique used to collect the data was the in-depth interview whose The purpose was to explain in depth and detail the experience of the people, as well as the beliefs that derived from them. Next, in the fourth section, the different results are analyzed, thus as the interpretation of them, according to the different categories of analyzes that emerged from the narrative of the interviews, as well as from the referent proposed conceptual. In addition, a construction of guided meanings is exposed under phenomenological aspects. Finally, in the fifth section the main conclusions that derived from the investigative process, which contemplate the various meanings that give people to their disease, therapeutic adherence to general treatment, as well as the keys for the action that influence their therapeutic adherence, concluding with the recommendations that are suggested for future interventions theoretical, practical and scientific.
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Palabras clave
HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), CREENCIA, BELIEF, SALUD, HEALTH, PACIENTES, PATIENTS