Propuesta para la incorporación de pequeños y medianos productores forestales en el sistema de registro del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, para certificar la condición de Pequeño y Mediano Productor Agropecuario (PYMPA)
Fecha
2023
Autores
Wong Quirós, Nicole
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En los últimos años, el país ha enfrentado problemas de abastecimiento de madera para satisfacer la demanda nacional, lo cual se relaciona con el descontento de los productores y el poco accionar de las instituciones vinculantes al sector. Lo anterior ha llevado que, poco a poco, las áreas con potencial forestal productivo se vuelvan atractivas para el desarrollo de actividades agrícolas o ganaderas, lo que causa menor área disponible para la producción forestal. A pesar de los incentivos contemplados en la ley forestal 7575, los productores forestales consideran que debe existir un mayor acompañamiento y beneficios para el sector forestal, pues a diferencia del sector agrícola, este cuenta con mayor peso político y apoyo por parte del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) y sus instituciones vinculantes, creando mejores oportunidades para los productores. En este sentido, desde el 2013 se crea en el MAG, el Sistema de Registro para certificar la condición de Pequeños y Medianos Productores Agropecuarios (PYMPA), por medio del cual se certifica a los productores con el fin de acceder a los beneficios que se derivan de esta. A partir de lo anterior, la presente investigación busca determinar la posible incorporación de productores forestales en el sistema de registro para contar con la categoría PYMPA y optar por sus beneficios, que, si bien es cierto, algunos de ellos pueden ser optados en la actualidad, trae consigo otra serie de ventajas como facilidades en el acceso a créditos del Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo (SBD), capacitaciones y donación de equipo por parte de instituciones como el : Instituto de Desarrollo Rural (INDER), entre otros. Para esto, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el fin de comprender de forma global la certificación PYMPA y el proceso asociado para concretar dicho trámite, así como encuestas telefónicas a productores agrícolas para identificar el impacto de la certificación PYMPA en el desarrollo de sus actividades, y encuestas a productores forestales, pues la percepción de estos sobre la aplicabilidad de los beneficios en el desarrollo de sus actividades es la base fundamental de esta investigación. De este modo, se obtuvo que el proceso de ingreso en el sistema del MAG es sencillo incluso, generalmente, el documento que certifica la condición PYMPA se adquiere en pocos días. Así mismo, se identificó que existe desconocimiento en cuanto a los beneficios por los que pueden optar los productores agrícolas certificados. En cuanto a los productores forestales, debido al descontento que presentan actualmente, consideran que cualquier apoyo es bueno para continuar en el sector, por lo que aseguran que algunos beneficios de la certificación PYMPA sí podrían generar un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de sus actividades. Sin embargo, resulta necesario ajustar características de algunos de estos beneficios para que se adapten a las condiciones específicas de la actividad forestal. Dicho esto, se proponen modificaciones en cuanto a plazos y características de ciertos beneficios asociados a la certificación PYMPA, al mismo tiempo, se añade la posibilidad de incorporar nuevamente beneficios que en el pasado se habían implementado.
In recent years, the country has faced timber supply problems to meet domestic demand, which is related to the discontent of producers and the lack of action by the institutions involved in the sector. This has led to areas with productive forestry potential gradually becoming attractive for the development of agricultural or livestock activities, resulting in less area available for forestry production. Despite the incentives contemplated in Forestry Law 7575, forestry producers consider that there should be greater accompaniment and benefits for the forestry sector, because unlike the agricultural sector, it has greater political weight and support from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) and its binding institutions, creating better opportunities for producers. In this regard, since 2013 the MAG has created the Registration System to certify the status of Small and Medium Agricultural Producers (PYMPA), through which producers are certified in order to access the benefits derived from it. Based on the above, this research seeks to determine the possible incorporation of forestry producers in the registration system in order to have the PYMPA category and opt for its benefits, which, although it is true that some of them can be opted for at present, brings with it another series of advantages such as facilities in access to credits from the Development Banking System (SBD), training and donation of equipment by institutions such as the Rural Development Institute (INDER), among others. To this end, a bibliographic review was carried out in order to understand the PYMPA certification and the associated process to complete this procedure, as well as telephone surveys of agricultural producers to identify the impact of PYMPA certification on the development of their activities, and surveys of forestry producers, since their perception of the applicability of the benefits in the development of their activities is the fundamental basis of this research. It was found that the process of entering the MAG system is simple and that the document certifying the PYMPA status is generally acquired in a few days. It was also noted that there is a lack of knowledge regarding the benefits available to certified agricultural producers. As for forestry producers, due to their current dissatisfaction, they consider that any support is good for them to continue in the sector, so they claim that some of the benefits of PYMPA certification could have a positive impact on the development of their activities. However, it is necessary to adjust the characteristics of some of these benefits to adapt them to the specific conditions of forestry activities. That said, modifications are proposed in terms of timeframes and characteristics of certain benefits associated with PYMPA certification, while at the same time, the possibility of incorporating new benefits that had been implemented in the past is added.
In recent years, the country has faced timber supply problems to meet domestic demand, which is related to the discontent of producers and the lack of action by the institutions involved in the sector. This has led to areas with productive forestry potential gradually becoming attractive for the development of agricultural or livestock activities, resulting in less area available for forestry production. Despite the incentives contemplated in Forestry Law 7575, forestry producers consider that there should be greater accompaniment and benefits for the forestry sector, because unlike the agricultural sector, it has greater political weight and support from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) and its binding institutions, creating better opportunities for producers. In this regard, since 2013 the MAG has created the Registration System to certify the status of Small and Medium Agricultural Producers (PYMPA), through which producers are certified in order to access the benefits derived from it. Based on the above, this research seeks to determine the possible incorporation of forestry producers in the registration system in order to have the PYMPA category and opt for its benefits, which, although it is true that some of them can be opted for at present, brings with it another series of advantages such as facilities in access to credits from the Development Banking System (SBD), training and donation of equipment by institutions such as the Rural Development Institute (INDER), among others. To this end, a bibliographic review was carried out in order to understand the PYMPA certification and the associated process to complete this procedure, as well as telephone surveys of agricultural producers to identify the impact of PYMPA certification on the development of their activities, and surveys of forestry producers, since their perception of the applicability of the benefits in the development of their activities is the fundamental basis of this research. It was found that the process of entering the MAG system is simple and that the document certifying the PYMPA status is generally acquired in a few days. It was also noted that there is a lack of knowledge regarding the benefits available to certified agricultural producers. As for forestry producers, due to their current dissatisfaction, they consider that any support is good for them to continue in the sector, so they claim that some of the benefits of PYMPA certification could have a positive impact on the development of their activities. However, it is necessary to adjust the characteristics of some of these benefits to adapt them to the specific conditions of forestry activities. That said, modifications are proposed in terms of timeframes and characteristics of certain benefits associated with PYMPA certification, while at the same time, the possibility of incorporating new benefits that had been implemented in the past is added.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Ciencias Forestales con énfasis en Manejo Forestal, modalidad: proyecto de graduación
Palabras clave
PRODUCTOS FORESTALES, FOREST PRODUCTS, CERTIFICACIÓN, CERTIFICATION, EMPRESAS AGROPECUARIAS, AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES, PRODUCTOS AGROPECUARIOS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, REGIÓN HUETAR NORTE (COSTA RICA), HUETAR NORTE REGION (COSTA RICA)