Cambios generacionales en la configuración de las familias en Costa Rica: una aproximación desde los indicadores demográficos
Fecha
0025-05-09
Autores
Sánchez Hernández, Carolina
Sandoval García, Carlos
Barrantes Chaves, Karla
Rodríguez Delgado, Brayan
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Castilla La Mancha, España
Resumen
Se presenta una investigación que profundiza en los registros civiles y los indicadores demográficos de Costa Rica, con el fin de examinar las principales transformaciones en la configuración de los grupos familiares desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. En términos metodológicos se trata de un análisis longitudinal y comparativo a partir de registros provenientes de las estadísticas oficiales del Registro Civil y el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos del país. Se recuperaron diversas variables asociadas a la historia de las familias, tales como fecundidad, composición y tamaño de los hogares, matrimonio civil y católico, divorcios, acceso al derecho de matrimonio entre parejas del mismo sexo, jefatura de hogar y esperanza de vida. Se desarrolló, además, un análisis socio histórico y espacial, que da cuenta de las nuevas cartografías sociales que presenta el país frente a las narrativas que abogan por formas tradicionales de familia. Dentro de los principales resultados destaca el aceleramiento en el descenso de la tasa de fecundidad durante el siglo XX, como consecuencia de un amplio acceso a métodos anticonceptivos mucho antes que la mayoría de los países de Latinoamérica; a la vez que se daba un importante aumento en la esperanza de vida asociado al robustecimiento del sistema público de salud, con la creación de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social en 1941. Se subraya, asimismo, el aumento de hogares unipersonales, el descenso en el matrimonio católico y el aumento de jefaturas femeninas, entre otros análisis.
This paper presents a study that delves into Costa Rica's civil registries and demographic indicators to examine the major transformations in the configuration of family groups from the second half of the 20th century to the present. Methodologically, this is a longitudinal and comparative analysis based on records from official statistics from the Civil Registry and the National Institute of Statistics and Census. Various variables associated with family history were recovered, such as fertility, household composition and size, civil and Catholic marriage, divorce, access to the right to marry between same-sex couples, household headship, and life expectancy. A sociohistorical and spatial analysis was also developed, which reflects the new social cartographies presented by the country in contrast to narratives advocating for traditional family forms. Among the main results, the acceleration in the decline of the fertility rate during the 20th century stands out, as a consequence of widespread access to contraceptive methods much earlier than in most Latin American countries. At the same time, there was a significant increase in life expectancy associated with the strengthening of the public health system, with the creation of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund in 1941. Also highlighted is the increase in single-person households, the decline in Catholic marriages, and the increase in female heads of household, among other analyses.
This paper presents a study that delves into Costa Rica's civil registries and demographic indicators to examine the major transformations in the configuration of family groups from the second half of the 20th century to the present. Methodologically, this is a longitudinal and comparative analysis based on records from official statistics from the Civil Registry and the National Institute of Statistics and Census. Various variables associated with family history were recovered, such as fertility, household composition and size, civil and Catholic marriage, divorce, access to the right to marry between same-sex couples, household headship, and life expectancy. A sociohistorical and spatial analysis was also developed, which reflects the new social cartographies presented by the country in contrast to narratives advocating for traditional family forms. Among the main results, the acceleration in the decline of the fertility rate during the 20th century stands out, as a consequence of widespread access to contraceptive methods much earlier than in most Latin American countries. At the same time, there was a significant increase in life expectancy associated with the strengthening of the public health system, with the creation of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund in 1941. Also highlighted is the increase in single-person households, the decline in Catholic marriages, and the increase in female heads of household, among other analyses.
Descripción
Ponencia presentada en el Congreso Internacional Familias y Cambio Histórico, de la Facultad de Humanidades Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Campus Albacete, España. Del 7 al 9 de mayo de 2025.
Palabras clave
INDICADORES DEMOGRÁFICOS, DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS, DATOS ESTADÍSTICOS, STATISTICAL DATA, GÉNERO (SEXO), GENDER (SEX), FAMILIA, FAMILY