Merceología : estudio de las mercancías objeto de comercio internacional
Fecha
2017
Autores
Monge Valverde, Reinaldo
Arce Portuguez, Rodolfo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Imprenta Nacional
Resumen
Con la creación de la carrera aduanera, en el Centro de Investigación y Capacitación en
Administración Pública (CICAP) de la Universidad de Costa Rica, se inicia en 1978 el primer
curso lectivo a nivel de Diplomado Universitario, luego asume la Escuela de Administración
Pública y se genera en 1995 el Bachillerato en Administración Aduanera y en el año 2000 el
Bachillerato y Licenciatura en Administración Aduanera y Comercio Exterior, para en 2006 dar
inicio a la Maestría en Administración Pública con énfasis en Administración Aduanera y Comercio
Internacional, todas acreditadas SINAES y PICARD de la Organización Mundial de Aduanas.
En toda esa historia y etapas se consolidada el estudio de la Merceología que, podemos señalar
inicia en Costa Rica con la creación de documentos por parte del Dr Monge Valverde para los
estudiantes, denominados “Apuntes Merceológicos sobre la NABCA aplicada a Centro América”,
para dotar a los alumnos de los conceptos fundamentales de esta nueva ciencia que, nace a la vida
gracias a la propuesta del tecnólogo Johann Beckmann a partir del Siglo XVIII.
En los años ochenta del siglo pasado, se hacen las primeras publicaciones de apuntes por la
Editorial Costa Rica, las mismas incluían las bases teóricas y la evolución de los documentos
que se utilizaron entre 1874 y hasta el año 1984, luego se publicó el primer libro denominado
Introducción a la Merceología” de la Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica, ambos bajo la
autoría del Dr Monge Valverde.
En 2006, el CICAP le publica una obra denominada “Curso de Merceología: Guía Merceológica”,
como un esfuerzo de articulación de los principales conceptos, criterios, normativas y ejemplos
de los procesos merceológicos aplicados a la dinámica del comercio internacional, tanto desde la
esfera pública como privada.
Hoy, los conceptos y comentarios del presente documento son fruto de la investigación y análisis
de los diversos documentos merceológicos modernos, creados a través del siglo XX principalmente
e inicios del siglo XXI que, culminan en la Nomenclatura denominada Sistema Armonizado de
Designación y Codificación de las Mercancías y sus enmiendas. Se pretende introducir al alumno de Merceología o al lector interesado, en una sistemática tal
que, le permita comparar los diferentes documentos creados a través de los años en una evolución
paulatina de análisis y enmiendas, creando a su vez un lenguaje considerado hoy día científico,
aplicable a las mercancías objeto del comercio internacional.
Por ello, se inicia con un estudio de la evolución de las nomenclaturas, en orden cronológico y de
los factores que inciden en el conocimiento de la materia dispuesta en los denominados grupos
amplios o Secciones y sus diferentes gradientes que, comprenden los Capítulos, las posiciones o
partidas y las subposiciones o subpartidas.
With the creation of the customs career, in the Research and Training Center in Public Administration (CICAP) of the University of Costa Rica, the first school year at the University Diploma level, then assumes the School of Administration Public and the Baccalaureate in Customs Administration is generated in 1995 and in 2000 the Baccalaureate and Bachelor's Degree in Customs Administration and Foreign Trade, to give Beginning of the Master's in Public Administration with an emphasis on Customs Administration and Trade International, all accredited by SINAES and PICARD of the World Customs Organization. In all this history and stages the study of Merceology is consolidated, which, we can point out begins in Costa Rica with the creation of documents by Dr Monge Valverde for the students, called "Merceological Notes on the NABCA applied to Central America", to equip students with the fundamental concepts of this new science that is born to life thanks to the proposal of the technologist Johann Beckmann from the 18th century. In the eighties of the last century, the first publications of notes were made by the Editorial Costa Rica, they included the theoretical bases and the evolution of the documents that were used between 1874 and until 1984, then the first book called Introduction to Merceology ”from the Editorial of the University of Costa Rica, both under the authorship of Dr Monge Valverde. In 2006, CICAP published a work called "Merceology Course: Merceological Guide", as an effort to articulate the main concepts, criteria, regulations and examples of merceological processes applied to the dynamics of international trade, both from the public and private sphere. Today, the concepts and comments in this document are the result of research and analysis. of the various modern merceological documents, created through the twentieth century mainly and the beginning of the 21st century, culminating in the Nomenclature called the Harmonized System of Designation and Codification of the Goods and its amendments. It is intended to introduce the Merceology student or interested reader, in such a systematic that, allows you to compare the different documents created over the years in an evolution gradual analysis and amendments, creating in turn a language considered today scientific, applicable to merchandise in international trade. Therefore, it begins with a study of the evolution of the nomenclatures, in chronological order and the factors that affect the knowledge of the subject arranged in the so-called groups wide sections or sections and their different gradients that comprise the Chapters, the positions or headings and sub-items or subheadings.
With the creation of the customs career, in the Research and Training Center in Public Administration (CICAP) of the University of Costa Rica, the first school year at the University Diploma level, then assumes the School of Administration Public and the Baccalaureate in Customs Administration is generated in 1995 and in 2000 the Baccalaureate and Bachelor's Degree in Customs Administration and Foreign Trade, to give Beginning of the Master's in Public Administration with an emphasis on Customs Administration and Trade International, all accredited by SINAES and PICARD of the World Customs Organization. In all this history and stages the study of Merceology is consolidated, which, we can point out begins in Costa Rica with the creation of documents by Dr Monge Valverde for the students, called "Merceological Notes on the NABCA applied to Central America", to equip students with the fundamental concepts of this new science that is born to life thanks to the proposal of the technologist Johann Beckmann from the 18th century. In the eighties of the last century, the first publications of notes were made by the Editorial Costa Rica, they included the theoretical bases and the evolution of the documents that were used between 1874 and until 1984, then the first book called Introduction to Merceology ”from the Editorial of the University of Costa Rica, both under the authorship of Dr Monge Valverde. In 2006, CICAP published a work called "Merceology Course: Merceological Guide", as an effort to articulate the main concepts, criteria, regulations and examples of merceological processes applied to the dynamics of international trade, both from the public and private sphere. Today, the concepts and comments in this document are the result of research and analysis. of the various modern merceological documents, created through the twentieth century mainly and the beginning of the 21st century, culminating in the Nomenclature called the Harmonized System of Designation and Codification of the Goods and its amendments. It is intended to introduce the Merceology student or interested reader, in such a systematic that, allows you to compare the different documents created over the years in an evolution gradual analysis and amendments, creating in turn a language considered today scientific, applicable to merchandise in international trade. Therefore, it begins with a study of the evolution of the nomenclatures, in chronological order and the factors that affect the knowledge of the subject arranged in the so-called groups wide sections or sections and their different gradients that comprise the Chapters, the positions or headings and sub-items or subheadings.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ADUANAS, POLÍTICA COMERCIAL, CUSTOMS, COMMERCIAL POLICY