Mantenimiento y ejecución de bioensayos con la especie Lemna minor para determinar su sensibilidad a un agente tóxico.
Fecha
2022-01-10
Autores
Mora Loría, Ester Vanessa
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La investigación se enfoca en la realización de bioensayos para el estudio de la especie Lemna minor, considerando que, con el paso del tiempo, se ha demostrado e identificado que dicha planta acuática presenta una importante relevancia ecológica y ambiental, ya que ha sido utilizada como un bioindicador de contaminación para la detección de metales pesados en diferentes cuerpos de agua. Se aprendieron los protocolos de manipulación y mantenimiento de Lemna minor y se ejecutaron en condiciones de laboratorio para pruebas de toxicidad, utilizando como sustancia de referencia Zn²⁺, verificando si la respuesta a dicha sustancia es repetida (estable) en el tiempo, de manera que se implemente para los controles de calidad en los bioensayos con esta especie. Se realizó en dos secciones: la primera parte consistió en la ejecución de los bioensayos 1, 2 y 3, utilizando el protocolo de Lemna minor (Environment Canada, 2007), el cual es aplicado en el Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas de la Universidad Nacional (IRET-UNA). Los ensayos se llevaron a cabo en un ambiente semi cerrado y por triplicado, con la finalidad de retomar un estudio previamente realizado años atrás para verificar si las concentraciones de contaminante de zinc causaban un efecto significativo en Lemna minor, tomando esta especie como muestra control. La segunda parte consistió en la ejecución de los bioensayos 4, 5 y 6, realizados en un ambiente cerrado (incubadora), de igual manera por triplicado, pero con concentraciones de zinc más altas. Los análisis realizados determinaron que la especie Lemna minor es un organismo ideal para la realización de bioensayos, debido a su fácil manejo, rápido crecimiento y producción de frondas bajo condiciones controladas. En caso de que las muestras presenten algún tipo de alga u otro organismo, se deben tratar con técnicas de asepsia que no afecten el medio de cultivo y que eliminen el organismo huésped. La especie Lemna minor evidencia su sensibilidad a contaminantes y su capacidad para absorberlos, corroborando así su importancia como bioindicador. Sin embargo, es importante destacar que las concentraciones superiores a 40 mg/L de zinc evidencian una afectación en su desarrollo y crecimiento, empezando a presentar problemas en la reproducción de frondas y pérdidas en su pigmentación. Por lo tanto, se deben realizar más ensayos con diferentes tipos de metales pesados y plaguicidas para seguir utilizando este tipo de plantas como agentes biológicos en la protección de nuestros ecosistemas y mejorar el desarrollo sostenible de nuestro entorno. Se recomienda utilizar, como control positivo para los ensayos con Lemna minor a realizar en el ECOTOX, una concentración del 12,5% de 75 mg/L de Zn²⁺, ya que en este estudio se empezó a observar efectos en el 50% de la población expuesta.
The research focuses on the performance of bioassays for the study of the Lemna minor species, considering that, with the passage of time, it has been demonstrated and identified that this aquatic plant has an important ecological and environmental relevance, since it has been used as a bioindicator of pollution for the detection of heavy metals in different bodies of water. The protocols for handling and maintenance of Lemna minor were learned and executed in laboratory conditions for toxicity tests, using Zn²⁺ as a reference substance, verifying if the response to such substance is repeated (stable) in time, so that it is implemented for quality controls in bioassays with this species. It was carried out in two sections: the first part consisted of the execution of bioassays 1, 2 and 3, using the Lemna minor protocol (Environment Canada, 2007), which is applied at the Regional Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances of the National University (IRET-UNA). The tests were carried out in a semi-closed environment and in triplicate, with the purpose of resuming a study previously carried out years ago to verify if the concentrations of zinc contaminant caused a significant effect on Lemna minor, taking this species as a control sample. The second part consisted of bioassays 4, 5 and 6, carried out in a closed environment (incubator), in triplicate, but with higher zinc concentrations. The analyses carried out determined that the Lemna minor species is an ideal organism for bioassays, due to its easy handling, rapid growth and production of fronds under controlled conditions. In case the samples present any type of algae or other organisms, they should be treated with aseptic techniques that do not affect the culture medium and eliminate the host organism. The species Lemna minor shows its sensitivity to contaminants and its capacity to absorb them, thus corroborating its importance as a bioindicator. However, it is important to note that concentrations higher than 40 mg/L of zinc evidenced an affectation in its development and growth, beginning to present problems in the reproduction of fronds and loss of pigmentation. Therefore, more tests with different types of heavy metals and pesticides should be carried out to continue using this type of plants as biological agents in the protection of our ecosystems and to improve the sustainable development of our environment. It is recommended to use, as a positive control for the trials with Lemna minor to be carried out at ECOTOX, a 12.5% concentration of 75 mg/L of Zn²⁺, since in this study effects began to be observed in 50% of the exposed population.
The research focuses on the performance of bioassays for the study of the Lemna minor species, considering that, with the passage of time, it has been demonstrated and identified that this aquatic plant has an important ecological and environmental relevance, since it has been used as a bioindicator of pollution for the detection of heavy metals in different bodies of water. The protocols for handling and maintenance of Lemna minor were learned and executed in laboratory conditions for toxicity tests, using Zn²⁺ as a reference substance, verifying if the response to such substance is repeated (stable) in time, so that it is implemented for quality controls in bioassays with this species. It was carried out in two sections: the first part consisted of the execution of bioassays 1, 2 and 3, using the Lemna minor protocol (Environment Canada, 2007), which is applied at the Regional Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances of the National University (IRET-UNA). The tests were carried out in a semi-closed environment and in triplicate, with the purpose of resuming a study previously carried out years ago to verify if the concentrations of zinc contaminant caused a significant effect on Lemna minor, taking this species as a control sample. The second part consisted of bioassays 4, 5 and 6, carried out in a closed environment (incubator), in triplicate, but with higher zinc concentrations. The analyses carried out determined that the Lemna minor species is an ideal organism for bioassays, due to its easy handling, rapid growth and production of fronds under controlled conditions. In case the samples present any type of algae or other organisms, they should be treated with aseptic techniques that do not affect the culture medium and eliminate the host organism. The species Lemna minor shows its sensitivity to contaminants and its capacity to absorb them, thus corroborating its importance as a bioindicator. However, it is important to note that concentrations higher than 40 mg/L of zinc evidenced an affectation in its development and growth, beginning to present problems in the reproduction of fronds and loss of pigmentation. Therefore, more tests with different types of heavy metals and pesticides should be carried out to continue using this type of plants as biological agents in the protection of our ecosystems and to improve the sustainable development of our environment. It is recommended to use, as a positive control for the trials with Lemna minor to be carried out at ECOTOX, a 12.5% concentration of 75 mg/L of Zn²⁺, since in this study effects began to be observed in 50% of the exposed population.
Descripción
Práctica Profesional Supervisada.
Este documento es parte del proyecto PROECO, número 0263-17
Palabras clave
CONTROL BIOLOGICO, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, CONTAMINACIÓN, POLLUTION, CONTAMINANTES DEL AGUA, WATER POLLUTANTS, CALIDAD DEL AGUA, WATER QUALITY, INDICADORES, INDICATORS