Determinación de valores referenciales de la relación grasa/proteína y nitrógeno ureico en leche (MUN) de bovinos especializados en producción de leche en la zona de Poás, Alajuela.
Fecha
2014
Autores
Vargas Sobrado, Diana
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Resumen
El establecer rangos referenciales de los componentes de la leche brinda una herramienta más económica y menos invasiva para monitorear el balance metabólico y la ración suministrada a ganado lechero mediante una toma de muestra de leche. Con el fin de determinar valores referenciales de grasa, proteína y nitrógeno ureico se tomaron muestras de leche de 442 animales en total, durante dos ordeños del día, en los meses de abril y agosto del 2012, en cuatro fincas productoras de leche de la zona de Poás de Alajuela. Cada uno de estos parámetros se analizó en diferentes categorías según cantidad de días en lactación, número de lactancias, mes de muestreo y raza. Se obtuvieron niveles promedio de proteína de 3,34%, grasa 4,13%, nitrógeno ureico 16,81 mg/dL, y una relación grasa/proteína promedio de 1,26. Variaciones de estos valores, según los diferentes grupos, podrían indicar desbalances metabólicos. Se describen a lo largo de este estudio, los intervalos encontrados, las diferencias entre cada grupo y una breve reseña de estudios realizados en otros países.
Establishing reference ranges of milk components provides a cheaper and less invasive tool to monitor dairy cattle metabolic balance and the ration provided, by a simple milk sampling. In order to determine reference values for fat, protein and urea nitrogen, milk samples were taken from 442 animals, for both milkings of the day, during the months of april and august of the year 2012. Each of these parameters were analyzed in different categories according to lactation lenght, lactation number, month of sampling and breed. Average levels of protein, fat, and urea nitrogen were found, 3.34%, 4.13%, and 16.81 mg/ dL, respectively and protein fat ratio averaged 1.26. Values different to these, according to the different groups, could indicate metabolic imbalances. Along this study the intervals found as well as the differences between each group and a small review of studies conducted in different countries, are described.
Establishing reference ranges of milk components provides a cheaper and less invasive tool to monitor dairy cattle metabolic balance and the ration provided, by a simple milk sampling. In order to determine reference values for fat, protein and urea nitrogen, milk samples were taken from 442 animals, for both milkings of the day, during the months of april and august of the year 2012. Each of these parameters were analyzed in different categories according to lactation lenght, lactation number, month of sampling and breed. Average levels of protein, fat, and urea nitrogen were found, 3.34%, 4.13%, and 16.81 mg/ dL, respectively and protein fat ratio averaged 1.26. Values different to these, according to the different groups, could indicate metabolic imbalances. Along this study the intervals found as well as the differences between each group and a small review of studies conducted in different countries, are described.
Descripción
Palabras clave
GANADO DE LECHE, DAIRY CATTLE, ALIMENTACION DEL TERNERO, CALF FEEDING, JERSEY, HOLSTEIN, POAS (ALAJUELA)