Sensibilidad de Hydra attenuata e Hydra viridis a los plaguicidas diuron y etoprofos, Costa Rica
Fecha
2023-09-01
Autores
Jones, C.
Ugalde, María del Rocío.
Jiménez, K.
Mena, F.
Vargas, S.
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Editor
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Resumen
El objetivo fue determinar cuál de las dos especies de hidras (Hydra attenuata o Hydra viridis) resultaba más sensible a dos plaguicidas, para luego usarla como parte de la batería de organismos de prueba del Laboratorio de Estudios Ecotoxicológicos (ECOTOX). [Metodología] Para esto se utilizaron diluciones de dos de los plaguicidas más comúnmente usados en el cultivo de piña en Costa Rica y detectados en muestras de agua: el herbicida diuron y el insecticida etoprofos. Se realizaron bioensayos de toxicidad con cada una de estas sustancias y con una mezcla de estas. Se registró el estado morfológico de las hidras. Además, se evaluaron la concentración de efecto medio (EC50), la concentración letal media (LC50), y las interacciones de toxicidad según tres posibilidades: antagónica, aditiva o sinérgica. [Resultados] La H. attenuata fue la especie más sensible a ambos plaguicidas, con LC50s de 16,84 mg/L y 103,01 mg/L; y EC50s de 4,24 mg/L y 23,74 mg/L para diuron y etoprofos, respectivamente. Mientras tanto la H. viridistuvo LC50s de 36,94 mg/L y 103,01 mg/L, con EC50s de 13,64 mg/L y 53,12 mg/L, también para diuron y etoprofos, respectivamente. La exposición a la mezcla de plaguicidas solo causó mortalidad a la H. viridis y tuvo efecto sinérgico en ambas especies. [Conclusiones] Estos resultados sugieren que la H. attenuata es la especie más apropiada para la evaluación de efectos de plaguicidas, pero se deben realizar más estudios sobre las interacciones de los contaminantes en mezclas, porque estas pueden modificar su toxicidad para diferentes especies.
The objective was to determine which of the two hydra species (Hydra attenuata or Hydra viridis) was more sensitive to two pesticides, and then use the most sensitive species as part of the battery of test organisms of the Ecotoxicological Studies Laboratory (ECOTOX). [Methodology] For this purpose, dilutions of two of the most commonly used pesticides in pineapple cultivation in Costa Rica which were detected in water samples were used: the herbicide diuron and the insecticide ethoprophos. Toxicity bioassays were conducted with each of these substances and with a mixture of these substances. The morphological state of the hydras was recorded. In addition, the mean effective concentration (EC50), mean lethal concentration (LC50) and toxicity interactions were evaluated in terms of three possibilities: antagonistic, additive or synergistic. [Results] H. attenuata was the most sensitive species to both pesticides, with an LC50s of 16.84 mg/L and 103.01 mg/L, and an EC50s of 4.24 mg/L and 23.4 mg/L for diuron and ethoprophos, respectively. Furthermore, H. viridis had an LC50s of 36.94 mg/L and 103.01 mg/L, with an EC50s of 13.64 mg/L and 53.12 mg/L, also for diuron and ethoprophos, respectively. Exposure to the pesticide mixture only caused mortality in H. viridis and had a synergistic effect on both species. [Conclusions] These results suggest that H. attenuata is the most appropriate species for the evaluation of pesticide effects, but further studies should be conducted on the interactions of contaminants in mixtures, since these may modify their toxicity for different species.
The objective was to determine which of the two hydra species (Hydra attenuata or Hydra viridis) was more sensitive to two pesticides, and then use the most sensitive species as part of the battery of test organisms of the Ecotoxicological Studies Laboratory (ECOTOX). [Methodology] For this purpose, dilutions of two of the most commonly used pesticides in pineapple cultivation in Costa Rica which were detected in water samples were used: the herbicide diuron and the insecticide ethoprophos. Toxicity bioassays were conducted with each of these substances and with a mixture of these substances. The morphological state of the hydras was recorded. In addition, the mean effective concentration (EC50), mean lethal concentration (LC50) and toxicity interactions were evaluated in terms of three possibilities: antagonistic, additive or synergistic. [Results] H. attenuata was the most sensitive species to both pesticides, with an LC50s of 16.84 mg/L and 103.01 mg/L, and an EC50s of 4.24 mg/L and 23.4 mg/L for diuron and ethoprophos, respectively. Furthermore, H. viridis had an LC50s of 36.94 mg/L and 103.01 mg/L, with an EC50s of 13.64 mg/L and 53.12 mg/L, also for diuron and ethoprophos, respectively. Exposure to the pesticide mixture only caused mortality in H. viridis and had a synergistic effect on both species. [Conclusions] These results suggest that H. attenuata is the most appropriate species for the evaluation of pesticide effects, but further studies should be conducted on the interactions of contaminants in mixtures, since these may modify their toxicity for different species.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HIDRA, DIURON, ETOPROFOS, TOXICIDAD, TOXICITY, PIÑA, PINEAPPLE
