Programa de compras institucionales en Costa Rica: Política productiva cuestionada pero socialmente necesaria
Fecha
2020-12-30
Autores
Cartín-Rojas, Andrés
Diaz Porras, Rafael A.
Alvarado Ruiz, José Mario
Título de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El PAI es un programa orientado a crear un mercado para pequeños productores agrícolas a través de las compras de instituciones estatales que asimismo se inscribe en las políticas públicas, para el fortalecimiento de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (SAN). El análisis se realiza mediante el repaso de los argumentos que justifican la intervención del Estado, los objetivos que persigue y las fallas de la ejecución de la política. El PAI es una política deseable socialmente, para promover la producción de pequeños productores y a través de ello apoyar el desarrollo rural y la seguridad alimentaria, pero que, por su propia naturaleza, es un programa que involucra grados de dificultad altos al ser simultáneamente, instrumento de promoción productiva y de abastecimiento institucional. El artículo analiza en forma multifacética el PAI, y sobre la base del análisis específico de su gestión de inocuidad en la provisión de productos hortícolas, con especial atención a la gestión de inocuidad, determina puntos críticos del sistema, para su mejoramiento. Se concluye argumentando que la alternativa de utilizar mecanismos de mercado podría satisfacer los requerimientos de los clientes institucionales, pero no garantizaría la participación de pequeños productores. Por lo cual es fundamental afrontar los puntos críticos que enfrenta el programa.
The PAI is a program aimed to create and promote a market for small agricultural producers through state institution ́s purchases that also fits into public policies for the strengthening of Food and Nutrition Security Policies (FNSP). The analysis is done by reviewing the arguments that justify the intervention of the state, the objectives pursued and the failures of the execution of the policy. The PAI is a socially desirable policy to promote the production of small producers and through it to support rural development and food security, but which, by its very nature, is a program that involves high degrees of difficulty to be simultaneously an instrument of productive promotion and institutional supply. The article addresses the various critical aspects that it faces and deepens based on the specific analysis of the provision of horticultural products by the EPI, in determining critical points of the system, with special attention to safety management.It is concluded by arguing that the alternative of using market mechanisms could satisfy the requirements of institutional clients but would not guarantee the participation of small producers. Therefore, it is essential to face the critical points facing the program.
The PAI is a program aimed to create and promote a market for small agricultural producers through state institution ́s purchases that also fits into public policies for the strengthening of Food and Nutrition Security Policies (FNSP). The analysis is done by reviewing the arguments that justify the intervention of the state, the objectives pursued and the failures of the execution of the policy. The PAI is a socially desirable policy to promote the production of small producers and through it to support rural development and food security, but which, by its very nature, is a program that involves high degrees of difficulty to be simultaneously an instrument of productive promotion and institutional supply. The article addresses the various critical aspects that it faces and deepens based on the specific analysis of the provision of horticultural products by the EPI, in determining critical points of the system, with special attention to safety management.It is concluded by arguing that the alternative of using market mechanisms could satisfy the requirements of institutional clients but would not guarantee the participation of small producers. Therefore, it is essential to face the critical points facing the program.
Descripción
Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA, PEQUEÑOS AGRICULTORES, INOCUIDAD ALIMENTARIA, CADENA ALIMENTARIA, FOOD SAFETY, SMALL FARMERS, FOOD SAFETY, FOOD CHAIN