Cuerpos migrantes, poder y respuestas en un Sistema de Gubernamentalidad Migratoria en Costa Rica (1862-2020)
Fecha
2024-02
Autores
Acuña Gonzalez, Guillermo
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este estudio aborda la relación entre los cuerpos migrantes y el poder en un marco histórico determinado en Costa Rica, a través del análisis de las dinámicas y los procesos experimentados por las personas migrantes chinas, afrocaribeñas y nicaragüenses en cuatro periodos determinados: I (1862-1897); II (1897-1942); III (1942-1986) y, IV (1986-2020). Se enfatiza en el funcionamiento de un Sistema de Gubernamentalidad Migratoria a lo largo de esos periodos, conformado por la relación entre los cuerpos migrantes y el poder, así como las respuestas y estrategias elaboradas por dichos cuerpos migrantes. En Costa Rica, el estudio de las migraciones no se ha interesado por profundizar en el análisis de la corporalidad socialmente construida, su funcionamiento como recurso en la subjetividad y su relación con los mecanismos, instrumentos y dispositivos de poder. Desde una perspectiva postestructuralista, que reconoce el cuerpo como una categoría central, esta investigación propone historizar y comprender esa relación en el marco del funcionamiento de una razón gubernamental de largo aliento. Por esta razón, se pregunta por los componentes de un Sistema de Gubernamentalidad Migratoria con perspectiva histórica, así como la relación entre los distintos cuerpos migrantes estudiados y el poder y los diferentes mecanismos de resistencia y respuesta elaborados. Desde un plano teórico, el trabajo desarrolla las categorías cuerpo, cuerpo migrante y gubernamentalidad, considerando su vinculación sociohistórica en procesos sociales, laborales, culturales e institucionales. En el desarrollo metodológico, la propuesta consiste en realizar lectura del conjunto de conocimientos elaborados en el país sobre la inserción de las poblaciones migrantes consideradas (chinos, afrocaribeños y nicaragüenses) desde el prisma de la relación entre el cuerpo migrante y el poder a lo largo de los periodos analizados. Se propone la implementación de un modelo de análisis conformado por las dimensiones jurídica, laboral, corporal, representación e imaginarios, prácticas sociales, espacio social y respuestas. Cada una de estas dimensiones tiene un peso específico en los periodos analizados, con especial consideración en la jurídica y laboral durante los primeros y la incidencia de las representaciones, discursos e imaginarios en el último momento histórico analizado. La dimensión de las respuestas es un ejercicio permanente que abarca desde los procesos organizativos (políticos, culturales) hasta la construcción de una subjetividad política que se caracteriza por un ejercicio permanente de visibilización, presentación y respuesta ante los dispositivos implementados por el poder político, económico y de representación en los distintos momentos históricos. El principal aporte en la construcción de conocimiento que realiza esta investigación doctoral debe ser ubicado en el diseño e implementación de un modelo de análisis para caracterizar, con perspectiva histórica, la relación entre los cuerpos migrantes, el poder y las respuestas elaboradas ante su implementación.
This study addresses the relationship between migrant bodies and power in a specific historical framework in Costa Rica, through the analysis of the dynamics and processes experienced by Chinese, Afro-Caribbean and Nicaraguan migrants in four specific periods: I (1862- 1897); II (1897-1942); III (1942-1986) and IV (1986-2020). Emphasis is placed on the functioning of a Migratory Governmentality System throughout these periods, shaped by the relationship between migrant bodies and power, as well as the responses and strategies developed by said migrant bodies. In Costa Rica, the study of migrations has not been interested in deepening the analysis of socially constructed corporality, its functioning as a resource in subjectivity and its relationship with the mechanisms, instruments and devices of power. From a post-structuralist perspective, which recognizes the body as a central category, this research proposes to historicize and understand this relationship within the framework of the functioning of a long-term governmental reason. For this reason, it asks about the components of a Migratory Government System with a historical perspective, as well as the relationship between the different migrant bodies studied and power and the different resistance and response mechanisms developed. From a theoretical level, the work develops the categories body, migrant body and governmentality, considering their sociohistorical connection in social, labor, cultural and institutional processes. In the methodological development, the proposal consists of reading the set of knowledge developed in the country on the insertion of the migrant populations considered (Chinese, Afro-Caribbeans and Nicaraguans) from the prism of the relationship between the migrant body and power throughout of the periods analyzed. The implementation of an analysis model made up of the legal, labor, physical, representation and imaginary dimensions, social practices, social space and responses is proposed. Each of these dimensions has a specific weight in the periods analyzed, with special consideration in the legal and labor aspects during the first ones and the incidence of representations, speeches and imaginaries in the last historical moment analyzed. The dimension of responses is a permanent exercise that ranges from organizational processes (political, cultural) to the construction of a political subjectivity that is characterized by a permanent exercise of visibility, presentation and response to the devices implemented by political and economic power. and representation in different historical moments. The main contribution to the construction of knowledge carried out by this doctoral research must be located in the design and implementation of an analysis model to characterize, with a historical perspective, the relationship between migrant bodies, power and the responses developed to its implementation.
This study addresses the relationship between migrant bodies and power in a specific historical framework in Costa Rica, through the analysis of the dynamics and processes experienced by Chinese, Afro-Caribbean and Nicaraguan migrants in four specific periods: I (1862- 1897); II (1897-1942); III (1942-1986) and IV (1986-2020). Emphasis is placed on the functioning of a Migratory Governmentality System throughout these periods, shaped by the relationship between migrant bodies and power, as well as the responses and strategies developed by said migrant bodies. In Costa Rica, the study of migrations has not been interested in deepening the analysis of socially constructed corporality, its functioning as a resource in subjectivity and its relationship with the mechanisms, instruments and devices of power. From a post-structuralist perspective, which recognizes the body as a central category, this research proposes to historicize and understand this relationship within the framework of the functioning of a long-term governmental reason. For this reason, it asks about the components of a Migratory Government System with a historical perspective, as well as the relationship between the different migrant bodies studied and power and the different resistance and response mechanisms developed. From a theoretical level, the work develops the categories body, migrant body and governmentality, considering their sociohistorical connection in social, labor, cultural and institutional processes. In the methodological development, the proposal consists of reading the set of knowledge developed in the country on the insertion of the migrant populations considered (Chinese, Afro-Caribbeans and Nicaraguans) from the prism of the relationship between the migrant body and power throughout of the periods analyzed. The implementation of an analysis model made up of the legal, labor, physical, representation and imaginary dimensions, social practices, social space and responses is proposed. Each of these dimensions has a specific weight in the periods analyzed, with special consideration in the legal and labor aspects during the first ones and the incidence of representations, speeches and imaginaries in the last historical moment analyzed. The dimension of responses is a permanent exercise that ranges from organizational processes (political, cultural) to the construction of a political subjectivity that is characterized by a permanent exercise of visibility, presentation and response to the devices implemented by political and economic power. and representation in different historical moments. The main contribution to the construction of knowledge carried out by this doctoral research must be located in the design and implementation of an analysis model to characterize, with a historical perspective, the relationship between migrant bodies, power and the responses developed to its implementation.
Descripción
Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales
Palabras clave
MIGRACIÓN, MIGRATION, CHINOS, CHINESE, AFRODESCENDIENTES, AFRICAN DESCENTS, NICARAGUENSES, NICARAGUANS, PODER (CIENCIAS SOCIALES), POWER (SOCIAL SCIENCES), GOBERNABILIDAD, GOVERNANCE