Sobrevivencia de las fases preparasíticas de nematodos gastrointestinales en bocashi elaborado con estiércol vacuno
Fecha
2015
Autores
Orozco Aceves, Martha
Hernández Gamboa, Jorge
Jiménez Rocha, Ana Eugenia
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Costa Rica
Resumen
Sobrevivencia de las fases preparasíticas de
nematodos gastrointestinales en bocashi elaborado con
estiércol vacuno. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue
determinar la sobrevivencia de las fases preparasíticas
(huevos y larvas) de nematodos gastrointestinales (NG) en
bocashi elaborado con estiércol vacuno. La investigación se
realizó en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica en el año
2010. Abono orgánico tipo bocashi fue elaborado utilizando
estiércol vacuno procedente de una finca lechera localizada
en Poasito de Alajuela, Costa Rica. El estiércol contenía 600
huevos por gramo de heces (hpg) de los NG de la suborden
Strongylida, < 50 hpg de Strongyloides papillosus y < 50
hpg de Trichuris spp. Cuando el bocashi estuvo elaborado,
veinte muestras fueron tomadas aleatoriamente y procesadas
mediante el método cualitativo de Sheater y el cuantitativo de
McMaster para determinar la presencia de huevos de NG y
contabilizarlos. Adicionalmente, se montaron coprocultivos
y se extrajeron los nematodos totales para determinar la
presencia de larvas de NG. En el bocashi las cantidades de
huevos de NG fueron bajas y no fue posible la cuantificación
por el método estándar de McMaster. En todos los casos los
huevos mostraron signos de degradación. Ninguna larva de
NG fue observada en los coprocultivos ni en la extracción
de nematodos totales. El bocashi contenía un alto número
de nematodos bacteriófagos, cuya presencia es positiva. Las
condiciones de elaboración del bocashi lograron disminuir
las poblaciones de fases preparasíticas de NG y favorecieron
la proliferación de organismos benéficos
Survival of pre-parasitic stages of gastrointestinal nematodes in Bocashi made from cattle manure. The aim of this study was to determine the survival of pre-parasitic stages (eggs and larvae) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GN) in Bocashi made from cattle manure. The study was conducted at the facilities of the National University of Costa Rica (UNA) during 2010. Bocashi was made from cattle manure collected from a dairy farm located in Poasito de Alajuela, Costa Rica. Cattle manure contained 600 eggs from the Strongolyda suborder per gram (epg), specifically < 50 epg from Strongyloides papillosus, and < 50 epg from Trichuris spp. Approximately 20 random samples were taken from finished Bocashi and processed using the qualitative method of Sheater and the quantitative method of McMaster in order to identify and quantify eggs from GNs. Additionally, coprocultures were performed and total nematodes were extracted from Bocashi samples to determine the presence of GN larvae. Eggs from GNs were observed in Bocashi samples at very low concentrations, so quantification by the standard parasitological method was not possible. In all cases the eggs showed signs of degradation. No larvae from GNs were observed in coprocultures or in the total nematode extraction. In contrast, large numbers of bacterial-feeding nematodes were observed in Bocashi samples, whose presence is considered positive. We conclude that the conditions present during the preparation process of Bocashi substantially reduce the number of GNs at pre-parasitic stages and promote an increase in the number of beneficial organisms.
Survival of pre-parasitic stages of gastrointestinal nematodes in Bocashi made from cattle manure. The aim of this study was to determine the survival of pre-parasitic stages (eggs and larvae) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GN) in Bocashi made from cattle manure. The study was conducted at the facilities of the National University of Costa Rica (UNA) during 2010. Bocashi was made from cattle manure collected from a dairy farm located in Poasito de Alajuela, Costa Rica. Cattle manure contained 600 eggs from the Strongolyda suborder per gram (epg), specifically < 50 epg from Strongyloides papillosus, and < 50 epg from Trichuris spp. Approximately 20 random samples were taken from finished Bocashi and processed using the qualitative method of Sheater and the quantitative method of McMaster in order to identify and quantify eggs from GNs. Additionally, coprocultures were performed and total nematodes were extracted from Bocashi samples to determine the presence of GN larvae. Eggs from GNs were observed in Bocashi samples at very low concentrations, so quantification by the standard parasitological method was not possible. In all cases the eggs showed signs of degradation. No larvae from GNs were observed in coprocultures or in the total nematode extraction. In contrast, large numbers of bacterial-feeding nematodes were observed in Bocashi samples, whose presence is considered positive. We conclude that the conditions present during the preparation process of Bocashi substantially reduce the number of GNs at pre-parasitic stages and promote an increase in the number of beneficial organisms.
Descripción
Palabras clave
NEMATODA, PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA, ABONOS ORGÁNICOS, ORGANIC FERTILIZERS, VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY