Causas sicológicas, sociales y culturales que generan los trastornos de conducta alimentaria en adolescentes con edades entre los 12 y 17 años de la Unidad Pedagógica José Breinderhoff, circuito 05, Dirección Regional de Educación de Pérez Zeledón, 2010
Fecha
2010
Autores
Mata Fallas, Lucía Johanna
Murillo Santamaría, Mariela
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación tuvo como propósito final, analizar las principales causas que generan desórdenes alimenticios en los adolescentes. Se abordó desde el enfoque cualitativo, puesto que éste facilita un mejor acercamiento a la población objeto de estudio, así como la obtención de resultados más veraces. Partió de un estudio de casos múltiple acerca de los individuos que presentan algún trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. Lo que aportó gran riqueza a la investigación, ya que se trabajó con diferentes casos a la vez, y por tanto, se profundizó más en el tema planteado. La metodología empleada se basó en entrevistas en profundidad, analizadas a la luz del enfoque cualitativo. Las principales conclusiones fueron que los factores sicológicos como la etapa de la adolescencia (los cambios físicos), así como la identidad, la percepción de sí mismo, la autoestima, la toma de decisiones, la seguridad (autonomía), el estado de ánimo y el abuso sexual; y factores sociales como la influencia de la familia (presión ejercida por los padres, ausencia de los padres y la relación padreshijos), las relaciones interpersonales (rol del grupo de pares y la popularidad), los medios de comunicación, el bajo nivel económico y los estereotipos son los que determinan en mayor medida, el surgimiento de los trastornos de conducta alimentaria. A raíz de los resultados obtenidos en el análisis, surge la iniciativa de proponer lineamientos para una mejor intervención en el centro educativo y en los hogares de los jóvenes, en los que se prevenga esta problemática, a fin de lograr un mejor estilo de vida y el tratamiento de esta enfermedad enpro de brindar una atención integral. Algunas de las principales recomendaciones son: que tanto el Ministerio de Educación Pública, la institución educativa y el personal docente promuevan campañas de salud preventiva así como de nutrición. También, que se capacite a los docentes respecto a esta temática, y que los padres tengan una comunicación más abierta con sus hijos y que se acerquen más a los centros educativos.
The final purpose of this research was to analyze the main causes of eating disorders in adolescents. It was approached from the qualitative approach, since this facilitates a better approach to the population under study, as well as obtaining more accurate results. It was based on a multiple case study of individuals with eating disorders. This provided great richness to the research, since we worked with different cases at the same time, and therefore, we went deeper into the subject. The methodology used was based on in-depth interviews, analyzed in the light of the qualitative approach. The main conclusions were that psychological factors such as the stage of adolescence (physical changes), as well as identity, self-perception, self-esteem, decision-making, security (autonomy), mood and sexual abuse; and social factors such as family influence (parental pressure, parental absence and the parent-child relationship), interpersonal relationships (role of the peer group and popularity), the media, low economic status and stereotypes are the main determinants of the emergence of eating disorders. As a result of the results obtained in the analysis, the initiative arises to propose guidelines for a better intervention in the educational center and in the homes of young people, in which this problem is prevented, in order to achieve a better lifestyle and treatment of this disease in order to provide comprehensive care. Some of the main recommendations are: that the Ministry of Public Education, the educational institution and the teaching staff promote preventive health and nutrition campaigns. Also, that teachers should be trained on this subject, and that parents should have a more open communication with their children and that they should come closer to the educational centers.
The final purpose of this research was to analyze the main causes of eating disorders in adolescents. It was approached from the qualitative approach, since this facilitates a better approach to the population under study, as well as obtaining more accurate results. It was based on a multiple case study of individuals with eating disorders. This provided great richness to the research, since we worked with different cases at the same time, and therefore, we went deeper into the subject. The methodology used was based on in-depth interviews, analyzed in the light of the qualitative approach. The main conclusions were that psychological factors such as the stage of adolescence (physical changes), as well as identity, self-perception, self-esteem, decision-making, security (autonomy), mood and sexual abuse; and social factors such as family influence (parental pressure, parental absence and the parent-child relationship), interpersonal relationships (role of the peer group and popularity), the media, low economic status and stereotypes are the main determinants of the emergence of eating disorders. As a result of the results obtained in the analysis, the initiative arises to propose guidelines for a better intervention in the educational center and in the homes of young people, in which this problem is prevented, in order to achieve a better lifestyle and treatment of this disease in order to provide comprehensive care. Some of the main recommendations are: that the Ministry of Public Education, the educational institution and the teaching staff promote preventive health and nutrition campaigns. Also, that teachers should be trained on this subject, and that parents should have a more open communication with their children and that they should come closer to the educational centers.
Descripción
Tesis presentada en la División de Educación Básica Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Educación, Universidad Nacional para optar al grado de Licenciatura en Orientación
Palabras clave
ADOLESCENCIA, ALIMENTACION, HABITOS ALIMENTARIOS, DIETAS DE REDUCCIÓN, ADOLESCENCE, EATING HABITS, REDUCTION DIETS