Caracterización de la población de quitones (radsia goodalli y radsia sulcatus) en la isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador, para la recomendación de medidas de manejo
Archivos
Fecha
2021-02
Autores
Vintimilla-Palacios, Cristina
García Rojas, Andrea
AVILA-POVEDA, OMAR HERNANDO
Brandt, Margarita
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La pesca en las Islas Galápagos representa una fuente importante de ingresos para la
comunidad galapagueña. La actividad pesquera en las islas es estrictamente artesanal e
incluye la pesca de quitones (Radsia goodallii y Radsia sulcatus), como una actividad
complementaria a sus actividades cotidianas. El recurso quitón ha sido consumido a
manera de subsistencia desde la colonización de las islas, pero en la actualidad presenta
mayor interés comercial. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la abundancia y la
temporada reproductiva de la canchalagua lisa (Radsia goodallii) y la canchalagua tallada
(Radsia sulcatus) en el litoral rocoso de la Isla San Cristóbal e Islas Galápagos. Se
realizaron muestreos mensuales de las poblaciones de estos dos quitones, en siete
localidades y de acuerdo a dos temporadas climáticas: temporada caliente (febrero,
marzo, abril) y temporada fría (julio, agosto y septiembre). La abundancia (individuos
observados) se estableció mediante observación por unidad de esfuerzo (OPUE), con
ayuda de tres observadores. La reproducción se cuantifico a través de índice
Gonadosomático [IGS= peso gonada/(peso cuerpo-peso gonada)]. Tanto R. goodallii
como R. sulcatus presentaron la abundancia más alta durante la temporada fría con 22.13
ind/ obs · hora en julio, y 1.65 ind/ obs · hora en agosto, respectivamente. R. goodallii.
fue altamente mayor en abundancia respecto de Radsia sulcatus. Se observaron
diferencias significativas de la abundancia de quitones entre las localidades muestreadas
para R. sulcatus (p-value=0.041) pero no para R. goodallii (p-value= 0.963). La mayor
abundancia de R. goodallii se presenta en localidades con menor cantidad de balanos,
algas incrustantes y algas macrófitas corticadas. Los análisis del Índice Gonadosomático
(IGS) determinaron que R. goodallii se encuentra en estadío de desove durante la
temporada fría. Caso contrario, R. sulcatus se encuentra en estadío de madurez sexual
durante la temporada fría. Con el fin de proponer posibles soluciones y estrategias viables
de manejo para la pesca de quitones se realizaron 2 entrevistas a los directivos del sector
pesca de la DPNG, 9 entrevistas a pescadores asociados a las cooperativas de pesca, 13
entrevistas a establecimientos de venta de quitones y 150 encuestas a los consumidores.
En base a dichos resultados y a los resultados de los estudios ecológicos se sugiere a las
autoridades del PNG implementar para R.goodallii una veda durante la temporada fría.
Mientras que para R. sulcatus se propone una veda durante la temporada caliente. Para
ambas especies se recomienda realizar más estudios de reproducción para conocer el
primer tamaño de su madurez sexual. Adicionalmente, se sugiere monitorear la pesca de
quitones a través de las bitácoras de pescas que cada pescador tiene la obligación de
llenar. Los resultados del presente estudio contribuyen al fortalecimiento de la línea base
y al conocimiento de breves rasgos reproductivos de R. goodallii y R. sulcatus. No
obstante, se recomienda fortalecer los estudios de reproducción y biología pesquera de
estas especies.
Fishing in the Galapagos Islands represents an important source of income for the Galapagos community. The fishing activity in the islands is strictly artisanal and includes the fishing of chitons (Radsia goodallii and Radsia sulcatus), as a complementary activity to their daily activities. The chiton resource has been consumed as a subsistence since the colonization of the islands, but currently has greater commercial interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the abundance and reproductive season of the smooth canchalagua (Radsia goodallii) and the carved canchalagua (Radsia sulcatus) on the rocky coast of San Cristóbal Island and the Galapagos Islands. Monthly sampling of the populations of these two chitons was carried out in seven locations and according to two climatic seasons: hot season (February, March, April) and cold season (July, August and September). The abundance (observed individuals) was established by observation by unit of effort (OPUE), with the help of three observers. Both R. goodallii and R. sulcatus showed the highest abundance during the cold season with 22.13 ind / obs ·hour in July, and 1.65 ind / obs ·hour in August, respectively. R. goodallii. it was highly greater in abundance with respect to Radsia sulcatus. Significant differences were observed in the abundance of chitons between the localities sampled for R. sulcatus (p-value = 0.041) but not for R. goodallii (p-value = 0.963). The greater abundance of R. goodallii occurs in localities with less quantity of barnacles, encrusting algae and cortical macrophytic algae. The reproduction was quantified through the Gonadosomatic Index [GIS = gonad weight / (body-weight gonad weight)]. The analysis of GSI determined that R. goodallii is in the spawning stage during the cold season. Otherwise, R. sulcatus is in a stage of sexual maturity during the cold season. In order to propose possible solutions and viable management strategies for the fishing of chitons, 2 interviews were conducted with the managers of the fishing sector of the DPNG, 9 interviews with fishermen associated with fishing cooperatives, 13 interviews with chiton sales establishments and 150 consumer surveys. Based on these results and the results of the ecological studies, this study suggested to the PNG authorities to implement a closed season for R.goodallii during the cold season. While for R. sulcatus a closure is proposed during the hot season. For both species it is recommended to carry out more reproduction studies to know the first size of their sexual maturity. Additionally, it is suggested to monitor the fishing of chitons through the fishing logs. The results of this study contribute to the strengthening of the baseline and knowledge of brief reproductive traits of R. goodallii and R. sulcatus. However, it is recommended to strengthen the breeding and fishing biology studies of these species.
Fishing in the Galapagos Islands represents an important source of income for the Galapagos community. The fishing activity in the islands is strictly artisanal and includes the fishing of chitons (Radsia goodallii and Radsia sulcatus), as a complementary activity to their daily activities. The chiton resource has been consumed as a subsistence since the colonization of the islands, but currently has greater commercial interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the abundance and reproductive season of the smooth canchalagua (Radsia goodallii) and the carved canchalagua (Radsia sulcatus) on the rocky coast of San Cristóbal Island and the Galapagos Islands. Monthly sampling of the populations of these two chitons was carried out in seven locations and according to two climatic seasons: hot season (February, March, April) and cold season (July, August and September). The abundance (observed individuals) was established by observation by unit of effort (OPUE), with the help of three observers. Both R. goodallii and R. sulcatus showed the highest abundance during the cold season with 22.13 ind / obs ·hour in July, and 1.65 ind / obs ·hour in August, respectively. R. goodallii. it was highly greater in abundance with respect to Radsia sulcatus. Significant differences were observed in the abundance of chitons between the localities sampled for R. sulcatus (p-value = 0.041) but not for R. goodallii (p-value = 0.963). The greater abundance of R. goodallii occurs in localities with less quantity of barnacles, encrusting algae and cortical macrophytic algae. The reproduction was quantified through the Gonadosomatic Index [GIS = gonad weight / (body-weight gonad weight)]. The analysis of GSI determined that R. goodallii is in the spawning stage during the cold season. Otherwise, R. sulcatus is in a stage of sexual maturity during the cold season. In order to propose possible solutions and viable management strategies for the fishing of chitons, 2 interviews were conducted with the managers of the fishing sector of the DPNG, 9 interviews with fishermen associated with fishing cooperatives, 13 interviews with chiton sales establishments and 150 consumer surveys. Based on these results and the results of the ecological studies, this study suggested to the PNG authorities to implement a closed season for R.goodallii during the cold season. While for R. sulcatus a closure is proposed during the hot season. For both species it is recommended to carry out more reproduction studies to know the first size of their sexual maturity. Additionally, it is suggested to monitor the fishing of chitons through the fishing logs. The results of this study contribute to the strengthening of the baseline and knowledge of brief reproductive traits of R. goodallii and R. sulcatus. However, it is recommended to strengthen the breeding and fishing biology studies of these species.
Descripción
Palabras clave
POBLACIÓN, RECOMENDACIÓN, MEDIDAS, MANEJO, CHARACTERIZATION, CHITONS