Pasantía en los departamentos de medicina interna, cuidados intensivos, y diagnóstico por imágenes del Hospital de Especies Menores de la Universidad Nacional y el Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
Fecha
2025-08-11
Autores
Arias Calvo, Valeria María
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Se realizó una pasantía durante los meses de enero y febrero del 2025, para un total de 300 horas, en el Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres (HEMS) en Costa Rica y Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad de Barcelona (HCVUAB) en España, la cual tuvo por objetivo reforzar los conocimientos teóricos y las habilidades prácticas en las áreas de medicina interna, cuidados intensivos y diagnóstico por imágenes. Se atendieron 292 casos clínicos entre los servicios de medicina interna, cuidados intensivos y diagnóstico por imagen en animales de compañía los cuales se caracterizaron los pacientes según edad, especie y sistema afectado, predominando los caninos geriátricos con enfermedades gastrointestinales, nerviosas, renales y endocrinas. En el HEMS se atendieron 32 pacientes, de los cuales 24 fueron caninos y ocho felinos. En el HCVUAB, se manejaron 260 casos: 211 correspondientes a caninos y 49 a felinos. En ambos centros hospitalarios, el principal motivo de consulta fue la afección gastrointestinal, representando el 50 % de los casos en el HEMS y el 26,2 % en el HCVUAB. También se evaluó el uso de pruebas diagnósticas como ultrasonido, hemograma, urianálisis, tomografía, pruebas hormonales y citología, considerando sus beneficios, limitaciones y aplicación clínica. Las pruebas diagnósticas más empleadas variaron entre ambos centros. En el HEMS, la prueba más utilizada fue el hemograma, mientras que en el HCVUAB predominó el ultrasonido. Esta diferencia refleja la variación en el abordaje diagnóstico, influida por la disponibilidad de pruebas complementarias y el enfoque terapéutico basado en los recursos disponibles y el sistema de salud veterinario. Esta pasantía permitió consolidar competencias profesionales, desarrollar criterio clínico y reflexionar sobre la medicina veterinaria desde una perspectiva comparativa, ética y basada en la evidencia.
An internship was carried out during January and February of 2025, totaling 300 hours, at the Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres (HEMS) in Costa Rica and the Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (HCVUAB) in Spain, with the objective of strengthening theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the areas of internal medicine, intensive care, and diagnostic imaging. A total of 292 clinical cases were managed across the departments of internal medicine, intensive care, and diagnostic imaging in companion animals. Patients were characterized according to age, species, and affected body system, with a predominance of geriatric canines presenting with gastrointestinal, neurological, renal, and endocrine conditions. At HEMS, 32 patients were treated, including 24 canines and 8 felines. At HCVUAB, 260 cases were managed: 211 were canines and 49 felines. In both hospitals, the primary reason for consultation was gastrointestinal disease, representing 50% of the cases at HEMS and 26.2% at HCVUAB. The use of diagnostic tools such as ultrasonography, complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis, computed tomography, hormonal testing, and cytology was also evaluated, taking into account their clinical application, benefits, and limitations. The most frequently used diagnostic tests differed between the two hospitals. At HEMS, CBC was the most commonly performed test, whereas ultrasonography predominated at HCVUAB. This variation reflects differences in diagnostic approaches, influenced by the availability of complementary tests and the therapeutic strategies shaped by the resources and veterinary healthcare systems in each setting. This internship facilitated the consolidation of professional competencies, the development of clinical judgment, and critical reflection on veterinary medicine from a comparative, ethical, and evidence-based perspective.
An internship was carried out during January and February of 2025, totaling 300 hours, at the Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres (HEMS) in Costa Rica and the Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (HCVUAB) in Spain, with the objective of strengthening theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the areas of internal medicine, intensive care, and diagnostic imaging. A total of 292 clinical cases were managed across the departments of internal medicine, intensive care, and diagnostic imaging in companion animals. Patients were characterized according to age, species, and affected body system, with a predominance of geriatric canines presenting with gastrointestinal, neurological, renal, and endocrine conditions. At HEMS, 32 patients were treated, including 24 canines and 8 felines. At HCVUAB, 260 cases were managed: 211 were canines and 49 felines. In both hospitals, the primary reason for consultation was gastrointestinal disease, representing 50% of the cases at HEMS and 26.2% at HCVUAB. The use of diagnostic tools such as ultrasonography, complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis, computed tomography, hormonal testing, and cytology was also evaluated, taking into account their clinical application, benefits, and limitations. The most frequently used diagnostic tests differed between the two hospitals. At HEMS, CBC was the most commonly performed test, whereas ultrasonography predominated at HCVUAB. This variation reflects differences in diagnostic approaches, influenced by the availability of complementary tests and the therapeutic strategies shaped by the resources and veterinary healthcare systems in each setting. This internship facilitated the consolidation of professional competencies, the development of clinical judgment, and critical reflection on veterinary medicine from a comparative, ethical, and evidence-based perspective.
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MEDICINA INTERNA, DIAGNÓSTICO POR IMAGEN, CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS, INTERNAL MEDICINE, IMAGING DIAGNOSIS, INTENSIVE CARE