“Ser LGBTIQ+ en San Carlos: análisis de las repercusiones que tuvieron los movimientos fundamentalistas y conservadores en la vida de las personas LGBTIQ+ durante la primera y segunda ronda electoral del 2018”
Fecha
2022-07-15
Autores
Mendoza González, Michelle
Núñez Torres, Eva
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En el presente trabajo de investigación se indagó la manera en que afectó en la vida
de las personas Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Trans, Intersex, Queer y más (LGBTIQ+), los
mensajes de odio y discriminación reproducidos por los movimientos fundamentalistas y
conservadores en la zona de San Carlos, durante el periodo electoral 2017-2018.
En un primer momento, se realiza una discusión acerca del crecimiento que han
tenido los movimientos neopentecostales, representando a los sectores más fundamentalistas
y conservadores, en puestos de toma de decisión y en la política en Latinoamericana, bajo
los discursos por la abolición de la “ideología de género” y la presentación de una agenda
moral.
Por esta razón, y a partir de los acontecimientos en las elecciones presidenciales en
Costa Rica en el 2018, es necesario realizar investigaciones que permitan evidenciar no sólo
el alcance político de estos sectores, sino que también las afectaciones en las cotidianidades
de las personas, principalmente de grupos específicos como la comunidad LGBTIQ+.
Asimismo, se retoman conceptos y categorías fundamentales que permiten ampliar la
discusión sobre las dinámicas en los territorios rurales respecto a este fenómeno, que
conllevan a una mejor comprensión y análisis de la realidad sociocultural y lo significativo
que fue dicho periodo electoral en el cantón de San Carlos para las personas LGBTQ+.
Cabe resaltar que el enfoque es de corte cualitativo, pues se da la posibilidad de tener
un acercamiento a la realidad desde las subjetividades que varían según los contextos
sociales en los cuales se desarrollan las personas, además conlleva a una profundización en
el análisis de los fenómenos sociales e invita a la reflexión e interpretación de los
significados que les brinda la sociedad a las realidades estudiadas.
Por otra parte, se utilizó el interaccionismo simbólico como método para el análisis
de los mensajes difundidos por los movimientos fundamentalistas y conservadores en el
periodo de las elecciones entre el 2017-2018, que nos permitió un acercamiento y mejor
interpretación a partir de las vivencias, emociones y percepción de mundo de las personas
LGBTIQ+ que viven en zonas rurales y, a partir de las diferentes condiciones, evidenciar las
dinámicas sociales, culturales e incluso políticas en un territorio rural en torno a la
problemática.
De modo que, las normas y pautas impuestas a nivel social, cultural y económico
responden a un sistema patriarcal y heteronormativo que impone y reproduce lo que es
aceptado como “normal” o “natural”. Por ejemplo, la idea de un único tipo de familia,
heteropatriarcal, con deberes y roles asignados en relación con el sexo de cada persona
integrante de esta concepción de familia.
Los movimientos fundamentalistas y conservadores se denominan “pro-familia” y
“pro-vida”, ya que es en esta institución donde se garantiza la reproducción de roles
tradicionales y estereotipos asociados al sexo (hombre/mujer) y al género
(femenino/masculino) de las personas como un orden natural del ser. Es importante
visibilizar la discriminación y violencias que viven las personas LGBTIQ+ por “salirse” de
la norma establecida o de la mal llamada “normalidad”. A lo anterior también se añade que
la ruralidad implica otros factores de riesgo para las personas LGBTIQ+ y el sistema sexogénero se sustenta con mucha más fuerza desde los roles tradicionales sociales.
En consecuencia, las personas LGBTIQ+ al estar expuestas a múltiples
manifestaciones de violencia y discriminación a lo largo de sus vidas van naturalizando y
normalizando dichas manifestaciones, haciendo que sea más compleja la identificación de
violencias, exclusiones o discriminaciones en el contexto de las elecciones del 2018 en
nuestro país. No obstante, pese a que hubo una dificultad en el nombrar dichas afectaciones
en las cotidianidades como violencias o discriminación, las personas sexualmente diversas
en el cantón de San Carlos desarrollaron mecanismos o estrategias para la sobrevivencia y
autodefensa en el ambiente hostil que se presentó en dicho periodo electoral.
In the present research work, the way in which it affected the life of the of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Intersex, Queer and more (LGBTIQ+) people, messages of hate and discrimination reproduced by fundamentalist movements and Conservatives in the San Carlos area, during the 2017-2018 electoral period. At first, a discussion is made about the growth that the had the neo-Pentecostal movements, representing the most fundamentalist sectors and conservatives, in decision-making positions and in politics in Latin America, under the speeches for the abolition of “gender ideology” and the presentation of an agenda moral. For this reason, and based on the events in the presidential elections in Costa Rica in 2018, it is necessary to carry out research that makes it possible to show not only the political scope of these sectors, but also the effects on daily life of people, mainly from specific groups such as the LGBTIQ+ community. Likewise, fundamental concepts and categories are taken up that allow expanding the discussion about the dynamics in rural territories regarding this phenomenon, which lead to a better understanding and analysis of the sociocultural reality and the significant which was said electoral period in the canton of San Carlos for LGBTQ+ people. It should be noted that the approach is qualitative, since it gives the possibility of having an approach to reality from the subjectivities that vary according to the contexts in which people develop, also leads to a deepening in the analysis of social phenomena and invites reflection and interpretation of the meanings that society provides to the realities studied. On the other hand, symbolic interactionism was used as a method for the analysis of the messages spread by fundamentalist and conservative movements in the period of the elections between 2017-2018, which allowed us to approach and better interpretation based on people's experiences, emotions and perception of the world LGBTIQ+ who live in rural areas and, based on the different conditions, highlight the social, cultural and even political dynamics in a rural territory around the problematic. So, the norms and guidelines imposed at the social, cultural and economic level respond to a patriarchal and heteronormative system that imposes and reproduces what is accepted as “normal” or “natural”. For example, the idea of a single type of family, heteropatriarchal, with duties and roles assigned in relation to the sex of each person part of this concept of family. The fundamentalist and conservative movements are called “pro-family” and "pro-life", since it is in this institution where the reproduction of roles is guaranteed traditional and stereotypes associated with sex (man/woman) and gender (feminine/masculine) of people as a natural order of being. It is important make visible the discrimination and violence experienced by LGBTIQ+ people for “leaving” their the established norm or the misnamed “normality”. To the above it is also added that rurality implies other risk factors for LGBTIQ+ people and the sex-gender system is much more strongly supported by traditional social roles. Consequently, LGBTIQ+ people, being exposed to multiple manifestations of violence and discrimination throughout their lives are naturalizing and normalizing these manifestations, making it more complex to identify violence, exclusion or discrimination in the context of the 2018 elections in our country. However, despite the fact that there was a difficulty in naming said affectations in everyday life such as violence or discrimination, sexually diverse people in the canton of San Carlos developed mechanisms or strategies for survival and self-defense in the hostile environment that arose during said electoral period.
In the present research work, the way in which it affected the life of the of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Intersex, Queer and more (LGBTIQ+) people, messages of hate and discrimination reproduced by fundamentalist movements and Conservatives in the San Carlos area, during the 2017-2018 electoral period. At first, a discussion is made about the growth that the had the neo-Pentecostal movements, representing the most fundamentalist sectors and conservatives, in decision-making positions and in politics in Latin America, under the speeches for the abolition of “gender ideology” and the presentation of an agenda moral. For this reason, and based on the events in the presidential elections in Costa Rica in 2018, it is necessary to carry out research that makes it possible to show not only the political scope of these sectors, but also the effects on daily life of people, mainly from specific groups such as the LGBTIQ+ community. Likewise, fundamental concepts and categories are taken up that allow expanding the discussion about the dynamics in rural territories regarding this phenomenon, which lead to a better understanding and analysis of the sociocultural reality and the significant which was said electoral period in the canton of San Carlos for LGBTQ+ people. It should be noted that the approach is qualitative, since it gives the possibility of having an approach to reality from the subjectivities that vary according to the contexts in which people develop, also leads to a deepening in the analysis of social phenomena and invites reflection and interpretation of the meanings that society provides to the realities studied. On the other hand, symbolic interactionism was used as a method for the analysis of the messages spread by fundamentalist and conservative movements in the period of the elections between 2017-2018, which allowed us to approach and better interpretation based on people's experiences, emotions and perception of the world LGBTIQ+ who live in rural areas and, based on the different conditions, highlight the social, cultural and even political dynamics in a rural territory around the problematic. So, the norms and guidelines imposed at the social, cultural and economic level respond to a patriarchal and heteronormative system that imposes and reproduces what is accepted as “normal” or “natural”. For example, the idea of a single type of family, heteropatriarchal, with duties and roles assigned in relation to the sex of each person part of this concept of family. The fundamentalist and conservative movements are called “pro-family” and "pro-life", since it is in this institution where the reproduction of roles is guaranteed traditional and stereotypes associated with sex (man/woman) and gender (feminine/masculine) of people as a natural order of being. It is important make visible the discrimination and violence experienced by LGBTIQ+ people for “leaving” their the established norm or the misnamed “normality”. To the above it is also added that rurality implies other risk factors for LGBTIQ+ people and the sex-gender system is much more strongly supported by traditional social roles. Consequently, LGBTIQ+ people, being exposed to multiple manifestations of violence and discrimination throughout their lives are naturalizing and normalizing these manifestations, making it more complex to identify violence, exclusion or discrimination in the context of the 2018 elections in our country. However, despite the fact that there was a difficulty in naming said affectations in everyday life such as violence or discrimination, sexually diverse people in the canton of San Carlos developed mechanisms or strategies for survival and self-defense in the hostile environment that arose during said electoral period.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ALAJUELA (COSTA RICA), DISCRIMINACIÓN BASADA EN EL SEXO, DISCRIMINATION BASED ON SEX, ASPECTOS SOCIALES, SOCIAL ASPECTS, DERECHOS HUMANOS, HUMAN RIGHTS, ORIENTACIÓN SEXUAL, SEXUAL ORIENTATION