Las pequeñas y medianas empresas, caso: AGROPACSA
Fecha
2004
Autores
Baldí Hernández, Karla
Durán Sáenz, Ericka
Elizondo Porras, Marjorie
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En Costa Rica de acuerdo a la información del Ministerio de Economía Industria y Comercio MEIC, para el año de 1998, más del 90% de las empresas que funcionan en el país corresponden a micro, pequeña y mediana empresa. Un aspecto importante que incluso llega a ser una creencia, es que las pequeñas empresas no necesitan administración y consecuentemente este error conlleva al fracaso de las mismas, sin embargo muchas de estas empresas tiene éxito, en este sentido es que las cifras que más se conocen se refieren a los fracasos. A pesar de esto la tendencia es que los negocios pequeños aumenten, porque, las grandes empresas operarían en el futuro subdivididas. En estas condiciones la economía cada vez más depende de los negocios o empresas pequeñas. Es por esto que es necesario que las PYMES tengan un mayor manejo administrativo, ya que está es su principal debilidad, como es el caso de AGROPACSA la cual, en una investigación previa, permitió establecer cuatro situaciones que son debilidades manifiestas en la gestión de la misma y que consecuentemente son un constante riesgo para ésta. En primer término está lo referente a los costos y de acuerdo a la observación realizada algunos no son determinados técnicamente y otros simplemente no son considerados. En segundo término hay que mencionar los Recursos Humanos que según a la información previa obtenida, no tendría la capacitación necesaria, para, por una parte, dirigir la empresa, y en caso de, la otra parte, los operarios no se les otorga ninguna capacitación. Un tercer aspecto está relacionado con la ubicación de la maquinaria en la planta, y cómo ésta distribución favorece en su totalidad el proceso productivo, y consecuentemente con la seguridad que tienen los trabajadores con respecto a la maquinaria, como también condiciones básicas del medio ambiente. El último aspecto está relacionado con el inventario y manejo de los mismos, en este sentido pudo observarse previamente, desperdicio de materia prima, deterioro de productos, entre otros, que en conjunto con las situaciones expuestas anteriormente significarían pérdidas en AGROPACSA que podrían estar repercutiendo en que su rentabilidad esté disminuida. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo mediante un estudio descriptivo y explicativo que permitió describir, analizar y evaluar las variables que incidieron en la rentabilidad de AGROPACSA. La población estudiada es de veintitrés trabajadores que son todos los trabajadores de la empresa, razón por la cual no hay una muestra, ya que se trabajó con la totalidad. Una de las técnicas utilizadas para la recolección de la información fue la entrevista, y se utilizó como instrumentos dos cuestionarios, uno aplicado a todos los trabajadores y otro aplicado a los socios de la empresa. La otra técnica fue la observación la cual fue realizada directamente en la planta por las investigadoras y se utilizó como instrumento la guía de observación.
In Costa Rica, according to information from the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce MEIC, for the year 1998, more than 90% of the companies that operate in the country correspond to micro, small and medium enterprises. An important aspect that even becomes a belief, is that small companies do not need administration and consequently this error leads to their failure, however many of these companies are successful, in this sense is that the most known figures refer to failures. In spite of this, the tendency is for small businesses to increase, because, in the future, large companies will operate subdivided. Under these conditions, the economy increasingly depends on small businesses. This is why it is necessary for SMEs to have a better administrative management, since this is their main weakness, as is the case of AGROPACSA which, in a previous investigation, allowed to establish four situations that are manifest weaknesses in the management of the same and that consequently are a constant risk for it. In the first place, there is the issue of costs, and according to the observation made, some of them are not technically determined and others are simply not considered. Secondly, it is necessary to mention the human resources that, according to the previous information obtained, would not have the necessary training, on the one hand, to manage the company, and in the case of the other hand, the operators are not given any training. A third aspect is related to the location of the machinery in the plant, and how this distribution favors in its totality the productive process, and consequently with the security that the workers have with respect to the machinery, as well as basic conditions of the environment. The last aspect is related to the inventory and handling of the same, in this sense it could be observed previously, waste of raw material, deterioration of products, among others, which together with the situations previously exposed would mean losses in AGROPACSA that could be impacting in that its profitability is diminished. This work was carried out through a descriptive and explanatory study that allowed describing, analyzing and evaluating the variables that affected AGROPACSA's profitability. The population studied is twenty-three workers, which are all the workers of the company, which is why there is no sample, since we worked with the totality. One of the techniques used for the collection of information was the interview, and two questionnaires were used as instruments, one applied to all the workers and the other applied to the partners of the company. The other technique was observation, which was carried out directly in the plant by the researchers, using the observation guide as an instrument.
In Costa Rica, according to information from the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce MEIC, for the year 1998, more than 90% of the companies that operate in the country correspond to micro, small and medium enterprises. An important aspect that even becomes a belief, is that small companies do not need administration and consequently this error leads to their failure, however many of these companies are successful, in this sense is that the most known figures refer to failures. In spite of this, the tendency is for small businesses to increase, because, in the future, large companies will operate subdivided. Under these conditions, the economy increasingly depends on small businesses. This is why it is necessary for SMEs to have a better administrative management, since this is their main weakness, as is the case of AGROPACSA which, in a previous investigation, allowed to establish four situations that are manifest weaknesses in the management of the same and that consequently are a constant risk for it. In the first place, there is the issue of costs, and according to the observation made, some of them are not technically determined and others are simply not considered. Secondly, it is necessary to mention the human resources that, according to the previous information obtained, would not have the necessary training, on the one hand, to manage the company, and in the case of the other hand, the operators are not given any training. A third aspect is related to the location of the machinery in the plant, and how this distribution favors in its totality the productive process, and consequently with the security that the workers have with respect to the machinery, as well as basic conditions of the environment. The last aspect is related to the inventory and handling of the same, in this sense it could be observed previously, waste of raw material, deterioration of products, among others, which together with the situations previously exposed would mean losses in AGROPACSA that could be impacting in that its profitability is diminished. This work was carried out through a descriptive and explanatory study that allowed describing, analyzing and evaluating the variables that affected AGROPACSA's profitability. The population studied is twenty-three workers, which are all the workers of the company, which is why there is no sample, since we worked with the totality. One of the techniques used for the collection of information was the interview, and two questionnaires were used as instruments, one applied to all the workers and the other applied to the partners of the company. The other technique was observation, which was carried out directly in the plant by the researchers, using the observation guide as an instrument.
Descripción
Licenciatura en administración de empresas con énfasis en gestión empresarial
Palabras clave
COSTOS DE PRODUCCIÓN, INVENTARIOS, PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS, RENTABILIDAD, CAPACITACIÓN, RECURSOS HUMANOS, ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS, ESTUDIOS DE CASOS, PYMES, PRODUCTION COSTS, INVENTORIES, SMALL BUSINESSES, PROFITABILITY, TRAINING, HUMAN RESOURCES, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, CASE STUDIES, SMES