Identificación molecular de especies de nematodos noduladores (Meloidogyne spp.) asociados a plantas ornamentales de altura
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Fecha
2012
Autores
Solano González, Stefany
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Al género Meloidoone se adjudican nematodos parásitos de una gran cantidad de cultivos a nivel mundial que causan significativas pérdidas económicas. La identificación certera de estos parásitos es una tarea compleja y se basa en características anatómicas y morfológicas que pueden variar aún entre especies lo que complica el diagnóstico certero. En respuesta a esta situación se han implementado las técnicas moleculares para la identificación de especies de nematodos asociadas el género Meloidoone. En este trabajo se utilizó la técnica denominada PCR-RFLP. Que consistió en la amplificación de la región intergénica entre el gen de la citocromo oxidasa II (COID y el gen 16S del ADN mitocondrial para identificar las principales especies de interés agronómico del género Meloidoone. En esta investigación se identificaron las especies de nematodos asociadas a IO cultivos de plantas ornamentales de altura. Además, se implementó la identificación morfométrica de J2 y patrones perineales de hembras.
Mediante la identificación de patrones perineales de hembras se logro identificar 3 especies de nematodos del género Meloidoone para los diez cultivos seleccionados. Utilizando la técnica molecular de PCR-RFLP se identificaron 6 especies en total. En Calathea sp. y Rosa sp. se identificaron M. arenaria y M. hapla respectivamente. Para el caso de Gardenia sp., se identificó M. javanica. Para los cultivos de Begonia sp. e Impatiens sp. se identificó a Meloidogyne sp. Además, se determinó de manera preliminar la presencia de M. hispanica en el cultivo de Ficus pumila. En los cultivos de Abelia sp., Duranta sp., y Allium sp., se determinó la presencia de M. incognita. También se generaron patrones de restricción enzimática no reportados antes con la enzima Alu I para M. hapla y M. javanica. Se concluye que la metodología de diagnóstico molecular implementada demostró su eficiencia y practicidad pues se utilizó material genómico proveniente de un único juvenil. Además es importante recalcar que es la primera vez que se implementa esta técnica en Costa Rica y que permitió identificar la mayoría de organismos encontrados en los cultivos.
The genus Meloidoone is associated with parasitic nematodes of a large number of crops worldwide that cause significant economic losses. The accurate identification of these parasites is a complex task and is based on anatomical and morphological characteristics that can vary even between species, which complicates accurate diagnosis. In response to this situation, molecular techniques have been implemented for the identification of nematode species associated with the genus Meloidoone. In this work, the technique called PCR-RFLP was used. Which consisted of the amplification of the intergenic region between the cytochrome oxidase II (COID) gene and the mitochondrial DNA 16S gene to identify the main species of agronomic interest of the genus Meloidoone. In this research, the nematode species associated with OI were identified. crops of ornamental plants of height In addition, the morphometric identification of J2 and perineal patterns of females were implemented. Through the identification of perineal patterns of females, it was possible to identify 3 species of nematodes of the genus Meloidoone for the ten selected crops. Using the PCR-RFLP molecular technique, a total of 6 species were identified. In Calathea sp. and Rosa sp. M. arenaria and M. hapla were identified respectively. In the case of Gardenia sp., M. javanica was identified. For Begonia sp. and Impatiens sp. Meloidogyne sp. In addition, the presence of M. hispanica in the Ficus pumila culture was determined in a preliminary way. In the cultures of Abelia sp., Duranta sp., and Allium sp., the presence of M. incognita was determined. Previously unreported restriction enzyme patterns were also generated with the enzyme Alu I for M. hapla and M. javanica. It is concluded that the molecular diagnostic methodology implemented demonstrated its efficiency and practicality since genomic material from a single juvenile was used. It is also important to emphasize that this is the first time that this technique has been implemented in Costa Rica and that it allowed the identification of most of the organisms found in the crops.
The genus Meloidoone is associated with parasitic nematodes of a large number of crops worldwide that cause significant economic losses. The accurate identification of these parasites is a complex task and is based on anatomical and morphological characteristics that can vary even between species, which complicates accurate diagnosis. In response to this situation, molecular techniques have been implemented for the identification of nematode species associated with the genus Meloidoone. In this work, the technique called PCR-RFLP was used. Which consisted of the amplification of the intergenic region between the cytochrome oxidase II (COID) gene and the mitochondrial DNA 16S gene to identify the main species of agronomic interest of the genus Meloidoone. In this research, the nematode species associated with OI were identified. crops of ornamental plants of height In addition, the morphometric identification of J2 and perineal patterns of females were implemented. Through the identification of perineal patterns of females, it was possible to identify 3 species of nematodes of the genus Meloidoone for the ten selected crops. Using the PCR-RFLP molecular technique, a total of 6 species were identified. In Calathea sp. and Rosa sp. M. arenaria and M. hapla were identified respectively. In the case of Gardenia sp., M. javanica was identified. For Begonia sp. and Impatiens sp. Meloidogyne sp. In addition, the presence of M. hispanica in the Ficus pumila culture was determined in a preliminary way. In the cultures of Abelia sp., Duranta sp., and Allium sp., the presence of M. incognita was determined. Previously unreported restriction enzyme patterns were also generated with the enzyme Alu I for M. hapla and M. javanica. It is concluded that the molecular diagnostic methodology implemented demonstrated its efficiency and practicality since genomic material from a single juvenile was used. It is also important to emphasize that this is the first time that this technique has been implemented in Costa Rica and that it allowed the identification of most of the organisms found in the crops.
Descripción
Solano González, S. (2012). Identificación molecular de especies de nematodos noduladores (Meloidogyne spp.) asociados a plantas ornamentales de altura. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
NEMATODA, NEMATODOS PARASITOS DE PLANTAS, MELOIDOGYNE, PLANTAS ORNAMENTALES, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), ORNAMENTAL PLANTS