Diversidad genética entre subpoblaciones raciales bovinas de Costa Rica
Fecha
2015-06-17
Autores
Cordero, Juan Miguel
Chacón, Idania
León, Bernal
Vargas Leitón, Bernardo
Martínez, Marco
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar
la diversidad genética entre 16 subpoblaciones
raciales bovinas de Costa Rica, con base en 1412
muestras de ADN bovino de todo el país, eva-
luadas mediante 18 marcadores microsatélites.
El número promedio de alelos (Na) por locus
dentro de raza fue de 10,3, que varían entre 8
(Holstein×Jersey) y 13 (Criolla para doble pro-
pósito). El número promedio de alelos efectivo
(Ne) fue de 5,04, con cambios entre 4,18 (Jersey)
y 5,64 (Bos taurus×Bos indicus). La heterocigo-
sidad observada promedio fue de 0,77, variando
entre 0,73 (Jersey) y 0,81 (Bos taurus×Bos indi-
cus). La heterocigosidad esperada (He) promedio
fue de 0,78, que oscilan entre 0,74 (Jersey y
Holstein×Jersey) y 0,81 (Bos taurus×Bos indicus,
Criolla para doble propósito y Cruces para doble
propósito). El contenido de información polimór-
fica (PIC) fue de 0,76, con variaciones entre 0,71
(Jersey y Holstein×Jersey) y 0,79 (Criollas para
doble propósito y Cruces para doble propósito).
El FIS promedio fue de 0,02, con oscilaciones
entre -0,03 (Holstein×Jersey) a 0,04 (Brahman,
Criolla para carne y Cruces para leche). La
desviación del equilibrio Hardy Weinberg no
fue significativa (p>0,05) en la mayoría de los
loci para las subpoblaciones raciales. El subgru-
po con mayor número de loci en desequilibrio fue Jersey (8 loci), mientras que los subgrupos
Bos taurus×Bos indicus, Criolla para leche y
Holstein×Jersey presentaron solo 1 locus en
desequilibrio. Los índices de fijación FIS (0,02),
FIT (0,05) y FST (0,03) indicaron cierta tenden-
cia hacia la homocigosidad. Los dendrogramas
mostraron 3 agrupaciones raciales claramente
diferenciadas que coinciden con las razas de
origen Bos taurus, Bos indicus y sus respectivos
cruces. Los resultados del análisis indicaron que
el número de microsatélites empleados sí permi-
tió establecer una discriminación clara a nivel de
las frecuencias alélicas y en la distribución del
tamaño de los alelos entre las subpoblaciones de
distintas especies y aún entre razas puras.
Genetic diversity among bovine racial subpopulations of Costa Rica. The objetive of this study was to quantify the genetic diversity among 16 bovine racial subpopulations of Costa Rica, based on 1412 samples of bovine DNA from around the country, which were evaluated using 18 microsatellite markers. Average number of alleles (Na) per locus within breed was 10.3, ranging from 8 (Holstein×Jersey) to 13 (Dual Purpose Creole). Average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 5.04, ranging between 4.18 (Jersey) and 5.64, (Bos taurus×Bos indicus). Average observed heterocigozity (Ho) was 0.77, varying between 0.73 (Jersey) and 0.81 (Bos taurus×Bos indicus). Average expected heterocigozity (He) was 0.78, oscillating between 0.74 (Jersey and Holstein×Jersey) and 0.81 (Bos taurus×Bos indicus, dual purpose Creole and dual purpose Crosses). The polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.76, ranging between 0.71 (Jersey and Holstein×Jersey) and 0.79 (dual purpose Creole and dual purpose crosses). Average FIS was 0.02, ranging from -0.03 (Holstein×Jersey) to 0.04 (Brahman, Beef Creole and Dairy crosses). Deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was not significant (p>0.05) for the majority of loci within racial subpopulations. Subgroup with the highest number of loci in disequilibrium was Jersey (8 loci), while subgroups Bos taurus×Bos indicus, Dairy Creole and Holstein×Jersey showed only 1 locus in disequilibrium. Fixation indexes FIS (0.02), FIT (0.05) and FST (0.03) indicated some tendency towards homocigozity. The dendrograms showed 3 distinct racial groups that match races of Bos taurus, origin Bos indicus and their crosses. The results of the analysis indicated that the number of microsatellites used allowed to establish a clear discrimination at the level of the alelic frequencies and in the distribution of the size of aleles between the subpopulations of different species and even between pure races.
Genetic diversity among bovine racial subpopulations of Costa Rica. The objetive of this study was to quantify the genetic diversity among 16 bovine racial subpopulations of Costa Rica, based on 1412 samples of bovine DNA from around the country, which were evaluated using 18 microsatellite markers. Average number of alleles (Na) per locus within breed was 10.3, ranging from 8 (Holstein×Jersey) to 13 (Dual Purpose Creole). Average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 5.04, ranging between 4.18 (Jersey) and 5.64, (Bos taurus×Bos indicus). Average observed heterocigozity (Ho) was 0.77, varying between 0.73 (Jersey) and 0.81 (Bos taurus×Bos indicus). Average expected heterocigozity (He) was 0.78, oscillating between 0.74 (Jersey and Holstein×Jersey) and 0.81 (Bos taurus×Bos indicus, dual purpose Creole and dual purpose Crosses). The polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.76, ranging between 0.71 (Jersey and Holstein×Jersey) and 0.79 (dual purpose Creole and dual purpose crosses). Average FIS was 0.02, ranging from -0.03 (Holstein×Jersey) to 0.04 (Brahman, Beef Creole and Dairy crosses). Deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was not significant (p>0.05) for the majority of loci within racial subpopulations. Subgroup with the highest number of loci in disequilibrium was Jersey (8 loci), while subgroups Bos taurus×Bos indicus, Dairy Creole and Holstein×Jersey showed only 1 locus in disequilibrium. Fixation indexes FIS (0.02), FIT (0.05) and FST (0.03) indicated some tendency towards homocigozity. The dendrograms showed 3 distinct racial groups that match races of Bos taurus, origin Bos indicus and their crosses. The results of the analysis indicated that the number of microsatellites used allowed to establish a clear discrimination at the level of the alelic frequencies and in the distribution of the size of aleles between the subpopulations of different species and even between pure races.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, GANADO BOVINO, CATTLE, GENETICA ANIMAL, ANIMAL GENETICS, DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA, ADN, GENETIC DIVERSITY