Herramienta para la mejora de la gestión físico-sanitaria de 10 ASADAS de la región Pacífico Central de Costa Rica
Fecha
2017
Autores
Baltodano Obando, Daniela
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica). Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó en 10 ASADAS de la región Pacífico Central de
Costa Rica, desarrollándose un Protocolo de Cloración para la mejora de la gestión físicosanitaria de las mismas. Este Protocolo responde a una necesidad que han enfrentado los
acueductos comunales desde su creación: la falta de apoyo técnico de entes como el
Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA) y el Ministerio de Salud, lo
que conlleva a que el servicio brindado por estos acueductos, que abastecen al 24,3% de
la población del país, no sea de una calidad equiparable a otros entes como el mismo AyA
o la Empresa de Servicios Públicos de Heredia (ESPH)
La investigación fue diagnóstica, al caracterizar una situación concreta y sus rasgos
más relevantes, mediante encuestas, observaciones y mediciones, así como el uso de
datos obtenidos por el proyecto UNA Gota de Agua, del Laboratorio de Análisis Ambiental.
Además, el desarrollo del Protocolo fue producto de la aplicación de la metodología de la
Organización Mundial de la Salud denominada “Manual para el desarrollo de planes de
seguridad del agua: Metodología pormenorizada de gestión de riesgos para proveedores
de agua de consumo”, así como de la toma de muestras en las fuentes de cada
acueducto, y la obtención de curvas de demanda de cloro, para la definición de una dosis
adecuada que garantice la desinfección del agua.
Dentro de los resultados más relevantes se encontró el hecho que la cloración se
presenta en el 100% de las ASADAS participantes, sin embargo, el método utilizado para
la misma no puede garantizar el mantenimiento del cloro residual en el sistema, por lo que
es necesario también combinar la dosificación propuesta con un equipo adecuado para la
desinfección.
The present investigation was carried out in 10 ASADAS of the Central Pacific region of Costa Rica, developing a Chlorination Protocol to improve their physical and sanitary management. This Protocol responds to a need faced by the communal aqueducts since their creation: the lack of technical support from entities such as the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (AyA) and the Ministry of Health, which leads to the service provided by these aqueducts, which supply 24.3% of the country's population, is not of a quality comparable to other entities such as AyA itself or the Public Services Company of Heredia (ESPH) The investigation was diagnostic, characterizing a specific situation and its features more relevant, through surveys, observations and measurements, as well as the use of data obtained by the UNA Gota de Agua project, from the Environmental Analysis Laboratory. In addition, the development of the Protocol was the product of the application of the methodology of the World Health Organization called “Manual for the development of health plans water safety: detailed risk management methodology for suppliers of drinking water ”, as well as taking samples from the sources of each aqueduct, and obtaining chlorine demand curves, to define a dose adequate to guarantee the disinfection of the water. Among the most relevant results was the fact that chlorination is present in 100% of the participating ASADAS, however, the method used to it cannot guarantee the maintenance of residual chlorine in the system, therefore It is also necessary to combine the proposed dosage with a suitable equipment for the disinfection.
The present investigation was carried out in 10 ASADAS of the Central Pacific region of Costa Rica, developing a Chlorination Protocol to improve their physical and sanitary management. This Protocol responds to a need faced by the communal aqueducts since their creation: the lack of technical support from entities such as the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (AyA) and the Ministry of Health, which leads to the service provided by these aqueducts, which supply 24.3% of the country's population, is not of a quality comparable to other entities such as AyA itself or the Public Services Company of Heredia (ESPH) The investigation was diagnostic, characterizing a specific situation and its features more relevant, through surveys, observations and measurements, as well as the use of data obtained by the UNA Gota de Agua project, from the Environmental Analysis Laboratory. In addition, the development of the Protocol was the product of the application of the methodology of the World Health Organization called “Manual for the development of health plans water safety: detailed risk management methodology for suppliers of drinking water ”, as well as taking samples from the sources of each aqueduct, and obtaining chlorine demand curves, to define a dose adequate to guarantee the disinfection of the water. Among the most relevant results was the fact that chlorination is present in 100% of the participating ASADAS, however, the method used to it cannot guarantee the maintenance of residual chlorine in the system, therefore It is also necessary to combine the proposed dosage with a suitable equipment for the disinfection.
Descripción
Palabras clave
TECNOLOGÍAS APROPIADAS, ACUEDUCTOS, CLORACIÓN, MANEJO DE AGUAS
Citación
Baltodano-Obando, D. (2017). Herramienta para la mejora de la gestión físico-sanitaria de 10 ASADAS de la región Pacífico Central de Costa Rica (tesis de Licenciatura en Tecnologías Limpias). Universidad Nacional