Optimización de políticas de descarte en ganado bovino lechero de Costa Rica
Fecha
2004
Autores
Cedeño, D.A
Vargas Leitón, Bernardo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Córdoba
Resumen
Se estimaron políticas óptimas de descarte
para cuatro grupos raciales de ganado bovino
lechero de Costa Rica con base en un modelo de
simulación determinístico cuya función objetivo
fue el beneficio esperado en un horizonte de
tiempo de 15 años. El promedio de vida productiva óptima obtenido para la raza Holstein fue de
50,9 meses, correspondiente a una tasa de reemplazo anual de 23,6 p.100 y descarte voluntario
de 11,7 p.100; en Jersey los óptimos fueron 54,8
meses, 21,9 p.100 y 11,4 p.100, respectivamente; en Pardo Suizo fueron 58,0 meses, 20,7 p.100
y 11,7 p.100, respectivamente; y en Holstein ×
Pardo Suizo fueron 52,4 meses, 22,9 p.100 y
13,7 p.100, respectivamente. Los estimados de
vida productiva óptima para cada grupo racial
fueron, respectivamente, 4,6; 5,1; 16,6 y 2,6 meses
mayores que el parámetro real observado. El
intervalo entre partos óptimo para los 4 grupos
raciales fue 386,5; 378,3; 382,5 y 383,8 días,
respectivamente. Los intervalos entre partos reales fueron 31,8; 16,0; 34,5 y 32,0 días superiores
a los óptimos obtenidos, respectivamente. La
tasa de descarte voluntario fue baja debido a los bajos índices de concepción imperantes a nivel
local, los cuales limitan la oportunidad de realizar
descarte voluntario. Los resultados obtenidos
indican que existen considerables pérdidas económicas debidas a decisiones subóptimas de
descarte e intervalos entre partos muy extensos.
Se demuestra la necesidad de optimizar las decisiones de descarte utilizando criterios bioeconómicos que aseguren una mayor rentabilidad de
la finca.
Optimum culling policies were estimated for 4 breed types from Costa Rica, using a deterministic simulation model that optimized expected net benefit for a time horizon of 15 years. According to the model, average optimum herd-life for Holstein was 50.9 m, corresponding to an annual replacement rate of 23.6 percent and voluntary culling rate of 11.7 percent; for Jersey optimum parameters were 54.8 m, 21.9 percent and 11.4 percent, respectively; for Brown Swiss 58.0 m,20.7 percent and 11.7 percent, respectively; and for Holstein×Brown Swiss were 52.4 m, 22.9 percent and 13.7 percent, respectively. Optimum calving intervals were 386.5, 378.3, 382.5 and 383.8 d, respectively. Real calving intervals for the same breeds were 31.8, 16.0, 34.5 and 32.0 d higher than optimum. Voluntary culling rates were low, mainly due to the low conception rates achieved under local conditions, which reduces the opportunity for voluntary culling. Results indicate that substantial economic losses occur as a consequence of sub optimum culling policies and extended calving intervals. Optimization of culling decisions at the farm level using bioeconomic criteria, as done in the present analysis, is recommended in order to maximize profitability
Optimum culling policies were estimated for 4 breed types from Costa Rica, using a deterministic simulation model that optimized expected net benefit for a time horizon of 15 years. According to the model, average optimum herd-life for Holstein was 50.9 m, corresponding to an annual replacement rate of 23.6 percent and voluntary culling rate of 11.7 percent; for Jersey optimum parameters were 54.8 m, 21.9 percent and 11.4 percent, respectively; for Brown Swiss 58.0 m,20.7 percent and 11.7 percent, respectively; and for Holstein×Brown Swiss were 52.4 m, 22.9 percent and 13.7 percent, respectively. Optimum calving intervals were 386.5, 378.3, 382.5 and 383.8 d, respectively. Real calving intervals for the same breeds were 31.8, 16.0, 34.5 and 32.0 d higher than optimum. Voluntary culling rates were low, mainly due to the low conception rates achieved under local conditions, which reduces the opportunity for voluntary culling. Results indicate that substantial economic losses occur as a consequence of sub optimum culling policies and extended calving intervals. Optimization of culling decisions at the farm level using bioeconomic criteria, as done in the present analysis, is recommended in order to maximize profitability
Descripción
Palabras clave
GANADO DE LECHE, MILK CATTLE, COSTA RICA, RENTABILIDAD, PROFITABILITY