Formulación del plan estratégico del Programa de Posgrado de Trabajo Social, Universidad de Costa Rica, a partir de un análisis crítico de su contexto interno y externo (2019-2023)
Fecha
2018
Autores
Hernández Rojas, Grace
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El proceso de planificación estratégica de una institución, organización o empresa, requiere de un análisis exhaustivo de su contexto interno y externo, que facilite la construcción colectiva y participativa de un plan estratégico para optimizar las fortalezas y oportunidades identificadas, orientadas a plantear soluciones ante las debilidades y las amenazas detectadas. A partir de ello, se implementa este proceso de planificación estratégica en una organización determinada, con el fin de dar respuesta al siguiente problema de investigación: ¿Cuál es la condición del contexto interno y externo del Posgrado de Trabajo Social de la UCR y cómo se podría fortalecer su gestión, desde la Planificación Estratégica? Este problema conllevó a delimitar el objetivo general del estudio: analizar el contexto interno y externo del Programa del Posgrado de Trabajo Social de la UCR, que facilitara la formulación de un plan estratégico orientado a fortalecer su gestión, durante el periodo 2019-2023. El primer paso desarrollado para lograr el objetivo propuesto fue el realizar un marco referencial institucional del Programa que permitiera comprender la naturaleza, características, historia, estructura organizativa, marco legal y normativo, entre otros aspectos, que propiciaran su comprensión integral del objeto de intervención. Aunado a ello, se elaboró un marco teórico que explica la fundamentación teórico metodológica que guio el análisis contextual y la formulación de la propuesta de plan estratégico. Posteriormente, se delimita el enfoque metodológico, las técnicas e instrumentos a utilizar y otros aspectos fundamentales en el marco metodológico de la presente investigación. Una vez concretado ese proceso inicial de definición conceptual, referencial y metodológica, se procede a analizar el contexto interno y externo del Programa, mediante el uso de la herramienta FODA articulada a las 7-S de McKinsey, la cual logra develar las tres principales áreas críticas: la necesidad de enfocar la gestión del Programa de Posgrado de Trabajo Social hacia el estudiantado; de fortalecer, redireccionar o mejorar el accionar académico; y de reforzar la gestión administrativa y financiera del Programa de Posgrado de Trabajo Social. A partir de lo anterior, se realizó el diseño del plan estratégico, su justificación, marco estratégico y la operacionalización de los tres ejes estratégicos del Programa del Posgrado: orientación hacia el estudiantado, el reforzamiento de la acción académica y el fortalecimiento de la gestión administrativa y presupuestaria, con el fin de concretar una propuesta que diera respuesta a las áreas críticas señaladas en el diagnóstico del contexto. Finalmente, se reconoce que este trabajo final de graduación permitió poner en práctica los conocimientos teóricos, metodológicos y habilidades adquiridas en el proceso de formación académica en este Posgrado. Además, propició el coadyuvar con el diseño de un plan estratégico en el área de formación profesional de la investigadora Trabajo Social, lo cual fue sumamente enriquecedor debido a la afinidad con su proyecto ético político, orientado a contribuir en el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y la reivindicación y exigibilidad de los derechos humanos de las poblaciones en desventaja social.
The strategic planning process of an institution, organization, or company requires a thorough analysis of its internal and external context. This analysis facilitates the collective and participatory development of a strategic plan to optimize identified strengths and opportunities, while also addressing identified weaknesses and threats. Based on this, the strategic planning process is implemented in a specific organization to answer the following research question: What is the current state of the internal and external context of the Social Work Postgraduate Program at the University of Costa Rica (UCR), and how can its management be strengthened through strategic planning? This question led to the definition of the study's general objective: to analyze the internal and external context of the Social Work Postgraduate Program at the UCR to facilitate the formulation of a strategic plan aimed at strengthening its management during the period 2019-2023. The first step taken to achieve the proposed objective was to develop an institutional framework for the Program that would allow for an understanding of its nature, characteristics, history, organizational structure, legal and regulatory framework, among other aspects, thus facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the object of intervention. In addition, a theoretical framework was developed that explains the theoretical and methodological foundation guiding the contextual analysis and the formulation of the strategic plan proposal. Subsequently, the methodological approach, the techniques and instruments to be used, and other fundamental aspects of the methodological framework of this research were defined. Once this initial process of conceptual, referential, and methodological definition was completed, the internal and external context of the Program was analyzed using the SWOT tool, integrated with McKinsey's 7-S framework. This analysis revealed three main critical areas: the need to focus the management of the Social Work Graduate Program on the students; to strengthen, redirect, or improve academic activities; and to reinforce the administrative and financial management of the Social Work Graduate Program. Based on the above, the strategic plan was designed, including its justification, strategic framework, and the operationalization of the three strategic axes of the Postgraduate Program: student focus, strengthening of academic activity, and reinforcement of administrative and budgetary management. This was done to develop a proposal that addressed the critical areas identified in the context analysis. Finally, it is acknowledged that this final graduation project allowed for the practical application of the theoretical and methodological knowledge and skills acquired during the academic training process in this Postgraduate Program. Furthermore, it facilitated the development of a strategic plan in the area of professional training for the researcher in Social Work, which was extremely enriching due to its alignment with her ethical and political project, aimed at contributing to the improvement of living conditions and the vindication and enforceability of the human rights of socially disadvantaged populations.
The strategic planning process of an institution, organization, or company requires a thorough analysis of its internal and external context. This analysis facilitates the collective and participatory development of a strategic plan to optimize identified strengths and opportunities, while also addressing identified weaknesses and threats. Based on this, the strategic planning process is implemented in a specific organization to answer the following research question: What is the current state of the internal and external context of the Social Work Postgraduate Program at the University of Costa Rica (UCR), and how can its management be strengthened through strategic planning? This question led to the definition of the study's general objective: to analyze the internal and external context of the Social Work Postgraduate Program at the UCR to facilitate the formulation of a strategic plan aimed at strengthening its management during the period 2019-2023. The first step taken to achieve the proposed objective was to develop an institutional framework for the Program that would allow for an understanding of its nature, characteristics, history, organizational structure, legal and regulatory framework, among other aspects, thus facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the object of intervention. In addition, a theoretical framework was developed that explains the theoretical and methodological foundation guiding the contextual analysis and the formulation of the strategic plan proposal. Subsequently, the methodological approach, the techniques and instruments to be used, and other fundamental aspects of the methodological framework of this research were defined. Once this initial process of conceptual, referential, and methodological definition was completed, the internal and external context of the Program was analyzed using the SWOT tool, integrated with McKinsey's 7-S framework. This analysis revealed three main critical areas: the need to focus the management of the Social Work Graduate Program on the students; to strengthen, redirect, or improve academic activities; and to reinforce the administrative and financial management of the Social Work Graduate Program. Based on the above, the strategic plan was designed, including its justification, strategic framework, and the operationalization of the three strategic axes of the Postgraduate Program: student focus, strengthening of academic activity, and reinforcement of administrative and budgetary management. This was done to develop a proposal that addressed the critical areas identified in the context analysis. Finally, it is acknowledged that this final graduation project allowed for the practical application of the theoretical and methodological knowledge and skills acquired during the academic training process in this Postgraduate Program. Furthermore, it facilitated the development of a strategic plan in the area of professional training for the researcher in Social Work, which was extremely enriching due to its alignment with her ethical and political project, aimed at contributing to the improvement of living conditions and the vindication and enforceability of the human rights of socially disadvantaged populations.
Descripción
Maestría en Planificación Social con énfasis en Planificación Estratégica
Palabras clave
ENSEÑANZA SUPERIOR, HIGHER EDUCATION, PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA, STRATEGIC PLANNING, UNIVERSIDADES, UNIVERSITIES
