Evaluación de la eficacia de dos sistemas de pastoreo con forraje Estrella africana (cynodon nlemfuensis vanderyst) en la Finca Experimental Santa Lucía, Santa Lucía, Barva de Heredia.
Fecha
2025-10-16
Autores
Rodríguez Ureña, Brandon Josué
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Con el objetivo de evaluar la eficiencia de dos sistemas de pastoreo uno convencional y otro en franjas, en la Finca Experimental Santa Lucía (FESL), Barva de Heredia, Costa Rica, utilizando pasto Estrella africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) como recurso forrajero, dentro de los principales del país y de disponibilidad en la FESL, se desarrolló la siguiente evaluación. Se analizaron factores como consumo aparente de biomasa, eficiencia en el uso aparente del forraje, costos asociados al manejo de cada sistema y estrategias de manejo pastoril para el aprovechamiento del recurso forrajero disponible. Se evaluaron 16 días para cada sistema, donde se utilizaron 32 vacas de la raza Jersey, con un peso vivo promedio de 450 kg por animal, lo que equivale a 32 unidades animales (UA) (1 UA = 450 kg de peso vivo), entre su primera y quinta lactancia, con una producción media individual de 12 a 15 L·vaca⁻¹·día⁻¹ durante el período experimental, para la evaluación del estudio realizado. Como resultado, el sistema de pastoreo en franjas logró una eficiencia aparente del uso forrajero del 43.90%, superando al sistema convencional, que alcanzó un 26.69%, lo que se atribuyó a una mejor gestión del ·rea de pastoreo y optimización de la disponibilidad de forraje. Asimismo, desde el enfoque económico, la implementación del sistema de pastoreo en franjas significó un mayor costo inicial debido a los insumos y a la necesidad de una demanda de mano de obra mayor. Sin embargo, se demuestra que es una alternativa rentable a mediano plazo al evidenciar un mejor uso aparente del forraje y un mayor consumo de materia verde y materia seca por animal. En consecuencia, se recomiendan una serie de estrategias de manejo pastoril, con el fin de optimizar el aprovechamiento del recurso forrajero, reducir los costos y promover la sostenibilidad del sistema productivo.
With the objective of evaluating the efficiency of two grazing systems—one conventional and the other strip grazing—at the Santa LucÌa Experimental Farm (FESL), Barva de Heredia, Costa Rica, using African Star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) as the forage resource, one, of the main species in the country and available at the FESL, the following evaluation was conducted. Factors such as apparent biomass intake, apparent forage use efficiency, management costs associated with each system, and pastoral management strategies for optimizing the utilization of the available forage resource were analyzed. A total of 16 days were evaluated for each system, using 32 Jersey cows with an average live weight of 450 kg per animal, equivalent to 32 animal units (AU) (1 AU = 450 kg live weight), ranging from their first to fifth lactation, with an average individual milk production of 12 to 15 L·cow⁻¹·day⁻¹ during the experimental period. As a result, the strip grazing system achieved an apparent forage use efficiency of 43.90%, surpassing the conventional system, which reached 26.69%. This improvement was attributed to better pasture area management and optimization of forage availability. Furthermore, from an economic perspective, the implementation of the strip grazing system entailed a higher initial cost due to input requirements and increased labor demand. However, it proved to be a profitable medium-term alternative, as it demonstrated improved apparent forage utilization and greater green and dry matter intake per animal. Consequently, a series of pastoral management strategies are recommended to optimize forage resource utilization, reduce costs, and promote the sustainability of the production system.
With the objective of evaluating the efficiency of two grazing systems—one conventional and the other strip grazing—at the Santa LucÌa Experimental Farm (FESL), Barva de Heredia, Costa Rica, using African Star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) as the forage resource, one, of the main species in the country and available at the FESL, the following evaluation was conducted. Factors such as apparent biomass intake, apparent forage use efficiency, management costs associated with each system, and pastoral management strategies for optimizing the utilization of the available forage resource were analyzed. A total of 16 days were evaluated for each system, using 32 Jersey cows with an average live weight of 450 kg per animal, equivalent to 32 animal units (AU) (1 AU = 450 kg live weight), ranging from their first to fifth lactation, with an average individual milk production of 12 to 15 L·cow⁻¹·day⁻¹ during the experimental period. As a result, the strip grazing system achieved an apparent forage use efficiency of 43.90%, surpassing the conventional system, which reached 26.69%. This improvement was attributed to better pasture area management and optimization of forage availability. Furthermore, from an economic perspective, the implementation of the strip grazing system entailed a higher initial cost due to input requirements and increased labor demand. However, it proved to be a profitable medium-term alternative, as it demonstrated improved apparent forage utilization and greater green and dry matter intake per animal. Consequently, a series of pastoral management strategies are recommended to optimize forage resource utilization, reduce costs, and promote the sustainability of the production system.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía, modalidad: proyecto.
Palabras clave
PASTOREO, GRAZING, PASTO ESTRELLA, STAR GRASS, PLANTAS FORRAJERAS, FORAGE CROPS, GANADO BOVINO, CATTLE, SOSTENIBILIDAD, SUSTAINABILITY, BIOMASA, BIOMASS
