Actividad biológica del extracto crudo y fracciones del follaje de titonia (Tithonia diversifolia) y tora (Montanoa hibiscifolia) sobre adultos de la mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci) (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae
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2007
Autores
Bagnarello Madrigal, Gina Paola
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Se evaluó, en condiciones de invernadero, la actividad biológica (fagodisuasión, oviposición y toxicidad) de los extractos crudos y de cuatro fracciones (hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etilo y metanol) de las plantas titonia (Tithonia diversifolia) y tora (Montanoa hibiscifolia), sobre adultos de la mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Para ello, se hicieron dos tipos de experimentos: de escogencia restringida y de escogencia irrestricta. En los experimentos de escogencia restringida, cada fracción se evaluó a cuatro dosis (0,1, 0,5, 1,0 y 1,5% v/v), y se compararon con cuatro tratamientos testigo: aceite agrícola (1,5% v/v), endosulfán (0,25% viv), el emulsificante Citowett® (0,025%) y un testigo absoluto (agua). Se asperjaron plantas de tomate, colocadas dentro de jaulas de manga, donde se liberaron 50 adultos de B. tabaci sin sexar. Para determinar si existía fagodisuasión y oviposición, se utilizó como criterio el número de adultos y huevos de B. fabaci a las 48 h, y para la mortalidad se contó el número total de adultos vivos en ese intervalo. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Asimismo, la unidad experimental estuvo representada por cada par de plantas que recibieron un determinado tratamiento. Para el experimento de escogencia irrestricta se utilizaron las dos concentraciones más altas (1,0 y 1,5%) de los extractos crudos de cada una de las plantas en estudio y se compararon con dos tratamientos, aceite agrícola y agua. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. ¿En ambos casos se contó el número de adultos posados en las hojas asperjadas, a los 1, 2, 8 y 15 días después de la aplicación de los tratamientos, así como el número de ninfas en 1 cm? de una hoja, a los 15 días. Con los experimentos de escogencia restringida se demostró que los extractos crudos tanto de T. diversifolia y M. hibiscifolia, poseen una clara actividad fagodisuasiva. En ambos casos, la fracción de metanol fue la que mostró mayor actividad fagodisuasiva. En cuanto al fraccionamiento del extracto crudo
The biological activity (phagodeterrence, oviposition and toxicity) of the crude extracts and four fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) of the titonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and tora (Montanoa hibiscifolia) plants was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. ), on adults of the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). For this, two types of experiments were carried out: restricted choice and unrestricted choice. In the restricted selection experiments, each fraction was evaluated at four doses (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% v/v), and compared with four control treatments: agricultural oil (1.5 % v/v), endosulfan (0.25% viv), the emulsifier Citowett® (0.025%) and an absolute control (water). Tomato plants placed inside sleeve cages were sprayed, where 50 unsexed adults of B. tabaci were released. To determine if there was phagodeterrence and oviposition, the number of adults and eggs of B. fabaci at 48 h was used as a criterion, and for mortality the total number of adults alive in that interval was counted. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Likewise, the experimental unit was represented by each pair of plants that received a certain treatment. For the unrestricted selection experiment, the two highest concentrations (1.0 and 1.5%) of the crude extracts of each of the plants under study were used and compared with two treatments, agricultural oil and water. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. In both cases, was the number of adults perched on the sprayed leaves counted at 1, 2, 8 and 15 days after the application of the treatments, as well as the number of nymphs in 1 cm? of a leaf, at 15 days. With restricted selection experiments, it was shown that the crude extracts of both T. diversifolia and M. hibiscifolia have a clear phagodeterrent activity. In both cases, the methanol fraction was the one that showed the highest phagodeterrent activity. Regarding the fractionation of the crude extract
The biological activity (phagodeterrence, oviposition and toxicity) of the crude extracts and four fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) of the titonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and tora (Montanoa hibiscifolia) plants was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. ), on adults of the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). For this, two types of experiments were carried out: restricted choice and unrestricted choice. In the restricted selection experiments, each fraction was evaluated at four doses (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% v/v), and compared with four control treatments: agricultural oil (1.5 % v/v), endosulfan (0.25% viv), the emulsifier Citowett® (0.025%) and an absolute control (water). Tomato plants placed inside sleeve cages were sprayed, where 50 unsexed adults of B. tabaci were released. To determine if there was phagodeterrence and oviposition, the number of adults and eggs of B. fabaci at 48 h was used as a criterion, and for mortality the total number of adults alive in that interval was counted. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Likewise, the experimental unit was represented by each pair of plants that received a certain treatment. For the unrestricted selection experiment, the two highest concentrations (1.0 and 1.5%) of the crude extracts of each of the plants under study were used and compared with two treatments, agricultural oil and water. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. In both cases, was the number of adults perched on the sprayed leaves counted at 1, 2, 8 and 15 days after the application of the treatments, as well as the number of nymphs in 1 cm? of a leaf, at 15 days. With restricted selection experiments, it was shown that the crude extracts of both T. diversifolia and M. hibiscifolia have a clear phagodeterrent activity. In both cases, the methanol fraction was the one that showed the highest phagodeterrent activity. Regarding the fractionation of the crude extract
Descripción
Bagnarello Madrigal, G. P. (2007) Actividad biológica del extracto crudo y fracciones del follaje de titonia (Tithonia diversifolia) y tora (Montanoa hibiscifolia) sobre adultos de la mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci) (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae). [Tesis de Licenciatura] Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
PLANTAS, INVERNADEROS, INSECTICIDAS DE ORIGEN VEGETAL, BEMISIA, MOSCAS BLANCAS, HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE, FLOORS, GREENHAUSE