Fortalecimiento de capacidades de Gestión Participativa del Agua en las ASADAS de Artola, Artolita y Nuevo Colón ubicadas en Sardinal de Carrillo, mediante el análisis de las condiciones hidrológicas locales para la resiliencia de los acueductos comunales
Fecha
2024
Autores
Álvarez Angulo, Milena
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Universidad Nacional, Sede Regional Chorotega
Resumen
En Costa Rica, la gestión del agua es crucial debido a la vulnerabilidad del recurso por cambios en el uso del suelo y la contaminación. Aunado a esto, nacen distintos conceptos para beneficio ambiental y de las personas, como es la "Gestión Integral del Recurso Hídrico" (GIRH), la cual busca coordinar el desarrollo y la administración para beneficio económico y social equitativo sin comprometer la sostenibilidad del recurso hídrico; parte de este concepto es la “Gestión Participativa del Agua” (GPA), donde se involucra a la ciudadanía en la gestión del agua. Las Asociaciones Administradoras de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ASADAS) abarcan estos conceptos mencionados anteriormente, por lo que es importante brindar apoyo en sus procesos para el cumplimiento de estos: es por ello que el objetivo principal de este proyecto es fortalecer las capacidades de Gestión Participativa del Agua en las Asadas de Artola, Artolita y Nuevo Colón ubicadas en Sardinal de Carrillo. La metodología de este proyecto es mixta, dado que se integran datos cualitativos y cuantitativos y consta de cuatro fases: la recolección de información de calidad de agua que fue sustituida por la realización de balances hídricos, la síntesis hidrológica, la identificación de áreas de protección y el diseño de una estrategia de fortalecimiento de capacidades para la Gestión Participativa del Agua. Se realizó la identificación de áreas de protección, con la que se determina un área de aparente invasión de 0,002147 km2 de un total de área de protección de 0,244 km2 para el tramo de influencia de las Asadas del cauce principal del río Sardinal. También, se determinó un radio fijo de protección para los pozos de Nuevo Colón y Artola, se obtuvo resultados de 29,10 m y 48,30 m, respectivamente. Para los balances hídricos, se determinó que la Asada de Artola cuenta con capacidad hídrica para brindar nuevos servicios y, en el caso de la Asada de Nuevo Colón, esta necesita con urgencia buscar nuevas fuentes de abastecimiento. La Asada de Artolita no cuenta con el dato de producción del pozo, por lo que no se realizó el radio fijo de protección y el balance hídrico; sin embargo, se determinó la demanda de agua. En conclusión, este proyecto brindó información para optimizar la toma de decisiones, el cual evidencia urgencia en aspectos hidrológicos y de poco conocimiento de los miembros de las Asadas, por lo que se recomienda a los actores claves como el Senara, la Universidad Nacional y al AyA dar seguimiento a estos acueductos.
In Costa Rica, water management is crucial due to the vulnerability of the resource and changes in land use and pollution. In addition to this, different concepts are born for environmental and people benefit, such as "Integral Management of Water Resources " (IMWR), which seeks to coordinate development and administration for equitable economic and social benefit without compromising the sustainability of the water resource; part of this concept is “Participatory Water Management” (PWM), where citizens are involved in water management. The Aqueduct and Sewer Management Associations (ASADAS) cover these concepts mentioned above, so it is important to provide support in their processes for compliance with these, thus the main purpose of this project is born, which is to strengthen the capabilities of the Participatory Water Management in the ASADAS of Artola, Artolita and Nuevo Colón located in Sardinal de Carrillo. The methodology of this project is mixed, since qualitative and quantitative data are integrated, which consists of four phases: the collection of water quality information that was replaced by the realization of water balances, the hydrological synthesis, the identification of protection areas and the design of a capacity-building strategy for Participatory Water Management. Based on the above, with respect to the identification of protection areas, an apparent invasion area of 0.002147 km2 was determined out of a total protection area of 0.244 km2 for the section of influence of the ASADAS of the main channel of the Sardinal River. Also, a fixed protection radius was determined for the Nuevo Colón and Artola wells, obtaining results of 29.10 m and 48.30 m, respectively. For the water balances, it was determined that the ASADA of Artola has the water capacity to provide new services and, in the case of the ASADA of Nuevo Colón, it urgently needs to look for new sources of supply. In the case of the ASADA of Artolita, it does not have the production data of the well, therefore, the fixed protection radius and the water balance were not carried out; however, the water demand was determined. In conclusion, this project provided information to optimize decision-making, since there is evidence of urgency in hydrological aspects and little knowledge of the members of the ASADAS, so it is recommended that key actors such as SENARA, the National University and AyA follow up on these aqueducts.
In Costa Rica, water management is crucial due to the vulnerability of the resource and changes in land use and pollution. In addition to this, different concepts are born for environmental and people benefit, such as "Integral Management of Water Resources " (IMWR), which seeks to coordinate development and administration for equitable economic and social benefit without compromising the sustainability of the water resource; part of this concept is “Participatory Water Management” (PWM), where citizens are involved in water management. The Aqueduct and Sewer Management Associations (ASADAS) cover these concepts mentioned above, so it is important to provide support in their processes for compliance with these, thus the main purpose of this project is born, which is to strengthen the capabilities of the Participatory Water Management in the ASADAS of Artola, Artolita and Nuevo Colón located in Sardinal de Carrillo. The methodology of this project is mixed, since qualitative and quantitative data are integrated, which consists of four phases: the collection of water quality information that was replaced by the realization of water balances, the hydrological synthesis, the identification of protection areas and the design of a capacity-building strategy for Participatory Water Management. Based on the above, with respect to the identification of protection areas, an apparent invasion area of 0.002147 km2 was determined out of a total protection area of 0.244 km2 for the section of influence of the ASADAS of the main channel of the Sardinal River. Also, a fixed protection radius was determined for the Nuevo Colón and Artola wells, obtaining results of 29.10 m and 48.30 m, respectively. For the water balances, it was determined that the ASADA of Artola has the water capacity to provide new services and, in the case of the ASADA of Nuevo Colón, it urgently needs to look for new sources of supply. In the case of the ASADA of Artolita, it does not have the production data of the well, therefore, the fixed protection radius and the water balance were not carried out; however, the water demand was determined. In conclusion, this project provided information to optimize decision-making, since there is evidence of urgency in hydrological aspects and little knowledge of the members of the ASADAS, so it is recommended that key actors such as SENARA, the National University and AyA follow up on these aqueducts.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HIDROLOGIA, AGUA, ASADAS, EQUILIBRIO HÍDRICO, CONTAMINACION, ARTOLA (SARDINAL), ARTOLITA (SARDINAL), NUEVO COLÓN (SARDINAL), SARDINAL (GUANACASTE), GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA), HYDROLOGY, WATER, WATER BALANCE, POLLUTION