Representaciones sociales sobre la maternidad en mujeres jóvenes y adultas de 18 a 65 años que observan la revista matutina Buen Día
Fecha
2024-04-24
Autores
Durán Martínez, Emily Michell
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente tesis se centró en indagar las representaciones sociales sobre la
maternidad presentes en la población de mujeres jóvenes y adultas de 18 a 65 años que
observan la revista matutina Buen Día, en contraste con las significaciones de la maternidad
trasmitidas en esa revista. Esto porque la maternidad es parte de un proceso social y cultural
y, como tal, está influenciado por agentes socializadores; por ejemplo, los medios de
comunicación, en especial, los programas de televisión, que anuncian, comentan,
visibilizan, proyectan y comparten ideas e información acerca de la maternidad.
Para lograr los objetivos, la investigación utilizó el concepto de representaciones
sociales (RS), desde los aportes de Serge Moscovici, Denisse Jodelet y Jean Abric. Al
conocer el contenido y organización de estas, se logró comprender tanto la conformación
del significado de la maternidad expuesta en la revista matutina Buen Día como de los
elementos de significado para las mujeres. Asimismo, en conjunto con el concepto de
representaciones sociales, se integró la teoría de género y la teoría de los medios de
comunicación, ambas aportaron elementos teóricos y reflexivos para la compresión del
tema en discusión.
Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, se recuperaron representaciones
sociales a través de la aplicación de 13 entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres entre los 18
a 65 años, con diferentes antecedentes educativos. Se utilizaron extractos televisivos
(videos e imágenes) proyectados en la revista matutina Buen Día y publicados en la página
digital de Teletica y en las redes sociales como Facebook e Instagram; además, se integró
un diario de campo, donde se registraron las expresiones, gestos, tono de voz,
comportamiento y demás elementos que estuvieron presentes en el trabajo de campo.
Dentro de los hallazgos, como núcleo central de las representaciones sociales
presentes en la población de estudio, se identificó la idealización de la maternidad,
alrededor de ella giran los núcleos periféricos: maternidad: obligación en la crianza y
educación de los hijos e hijas, maternidad como realización, maternidad como sacrifico,
maternidad como fuente de tensiones entre opción de libre decisión y deber social; y
maternidad: sobre carga de roles sociales. Además, en el capítulo de resultados, se expone
parte del contenido que transmite la revista matutina Buen Día sobre la maternidad.
A la luz de los resultados, se discuten y analizan las implicaciones generadas por lo
encontrado y se comparten las conclusiones y recomendaciones. Se considera el alcance de
los objetivos planteados en la investigación y la metodología para que sea un referente ante
el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones enfocadas en la maternidad y las representaciones
sociales.
This thesis focused on investigating the social representations about motherhood present in the population of young and adult women from 18 to 65 years old who watch the morning magazine Buen Día, in contrast with the meanings of motherhood transmitted in that magazine. This is because motherhood is part of a social and cultural process and, as such, is influenced by socializing agents; For example, the media, especially television programs, which announce, comment, make visible, project and share ideas and information about motherhood. To achieve the objectives, the research used the concept of social representations (SR), from the contributions of Serge Moscovici, Denisse Jodelet and Jean Abric. By knowing the content and organization of these, it was possible to understand both the formation of the meaning of motherhood exposed in the morning magazine Buen Día and the elements of meaning for women. Likewise, in conjunction with the concept of social representations, gender theory and media theory were integrated, both providing theoretical and reflective elements for the understanding of the topic under discussion. From a qualitative methodological approach, social representations were recovered through the application of 13 semi-structured interviews with women between 18 and 65 years old, with different educational backgrounds. Television excerpts (videos and images) projected in the morning magazine Buen Día and published on the Teletica digital page and on social networks such as Facebook and Instagram were used; In addition, a field diary was integrated, where the expressions, gestures, tone of voice, behavior and other elements that were present in the field work were recorded. Within the findings, as the central core of the social representations present in the study population, the idealization of motherhood was identified, around which the peripheral cores revolve: motherhood: obligation in the upbringing and education of sons and daughters, motherhood as fulfillment, motherhood as sacrifice, motherhood as a source of tensions between free decision option and social duty; and motherhood: on the burden of social roles. Furthermore, in the results chapter, part of the content transmitted by the morning magazine Buen Día about motherhood is exposed. In light of the results, the implications generated by the findings are discussed and analyzed and the conclusions and recommendations are shared. The scope of the objectives set out in the research and the methodology are considered to be a reference for the development of future research focused on motherhood and social representations.
This thesis focused on investigating the social representations about motherhood present in the population of young and adult women from 18 to 65 years old who watch the morning magazine Buen Día, in contrast with the meanings of motherhood transmitted in that magazine. This is because motherhood is part of a social and cultural process and, as such, is influenced by socializing agents; For example, the media, especially television programs, which announce, comment, make visible, project and share ideas and information about motherhood. To achieve the objectives, the research used the concept of social representations (SR), from the contributions of Serge Moscovici, Denisse Jodelet and Jean Abric. By knowing the content and organization of these, it was possible to understand both the formation of the meaning of motherhood exposed in the morning magazine Buen Día and the elements of meaning for women. Likewise, in conjunction with the concept of social representations, gender theory and media theory were integrated, both providing theoretical and reflective elements for the understanding of the topic under discussion. From a qualitative methodological approach, social representations were recovered through the application of 13 semi-structured interviews with women between 18 and 65 years old, with different educational backgrounds. Television excerpts (videos and images) projected in the morning magazine Buen Día and published on the Teletica digital page and on social networks such as Facebook and Instagram were used; In addition, a field diary was integrated, where the expressions, gestures, tone of voice, behavior and other elements that were present in the field work were recorded. Within the findings, as the central core of the social representations present in the study population, the idealization of motherhood was identified, around which the peripheral cores revolve: motherhood: obligation in the upbringing and education of sons and daughters, motherhood as fulfillment, motherhood as sacrifice, motherhood as a source of tensions between free decision option and social duty; and motherhood: on the burden of social roles. Furthermore, in the results chapter, part of the content transmitted by the morning magazine Buen Día about motherhood is exposed. In light of the results, the implications generated by the findings are discussed and analyzed and the conclusions and recommendations are shared. The scope of the objectives set out in the research and the methodology are considered to be a reference for the development of future research focused on motherhood and social representations.
Descripción
Palabras clave
SISTEMAS SOCIALES, SOCIAL SYSTEMS, MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN DE MASAS, MASS MEDIA, PROGRAMA DE TELEVISION, TELEVISION PROGRAM, GÉNERO (SEXO), GENDER (SEX), MATERNIDAD, MATERNITY