Diagnóstico social de las personas mayores, para el Programa Municipal de Adulto Mayor de la Municipalidad de San José en el año 2023
Fecha
2025
Autores
Sanabria Zamora, Kendall Stward
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El envejecimiento acelerado de la población costarricense plantea importantes desafíos y falta de oportunidades en los espacios físicos de las comunidades, como es el caso de los centros de encuentro para personas mayores. Esto se visualiza como un conjunto de barreras relacionadas con la estructura social y organizaciones de manera natural, siendo este un reto para la inclusión social. Por esta razón, es esencial promover entornos inclusivos y accesibles que les permitan disfrutar de una vida plena y participativa en su entorno social. Se diagnostica la situación de las personas mayores que asisten a los centros de encuentro de la Municipalidad de San José, para la promoción de un plan de acción que servirá de base para el desarrollo de políticas y acciones al servicio de la comunidad y población mayor. Con la finalidad de promover el envejecimiento activo y dirigido a mejorar la calidad de vida, como lo establece la Red Mundial de Ciudades y Comunidades Amigables con las Personas Mayores (GNFACC) de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), se presentan una serie de objetivos con el propósito de investigar y así aumentar la comprensión de la problemática, siendo la falta de información relacionada con los centro de encuentros la principal preocupación para estudiar la amigabilidad de estos espacios públicos. Este diagnóstico se realizó desde una mirada crítica sociológica que contribuya a generar alternativas para mitigar la desigualdad social en aspectos como el acceso a las oportunidades y los recursos básicos, que a su vez generen buenas emociones, participación social y compromiso cívico hacia la persona mayor. Esto se lograría bajo diferentes dimensiones y categorías direccionadas a estudiar el comportamiento humano en los espacios físicos y su interacción con el entorno social. Las dimensiones de análisis son la integración social, la calidad de vida y la transformación social. Estos conceptos están interrelacionados e influenciados por diferentes categorías y aspectos relacionados con el envejecimiento y la sociedad como es el caso del aislamiento, la soledad, la participación social, las emociones humanas y crónicas, el entorno social, la construcción de roles, las ciudades amigables, la gerontología social, la sociología de la vejez y el envejecimiento saludable. En general, el diagnóstico se realizó en el marco de comprender el comportamiento de las personas mayores en la sociedad. De esta manera, se plantean diferentes disciplinas y áreas de abordaje para diagnosticar los Centros de Encuentro de la Municipalidad de San José desde una perspectiva inclusiva, donde se logre que estos espacios municipales sean rediseñados para promover la inclusión, el bienestar y la calidad de vida de las personas mayores.
The accelerated aging of the Costa Rican population poses significant challenges and a lack of opportunities in community spaces, such as senior citizen centers. This is seen as a set of barriers related to the social structure and organizations, naturally posing a challenge to social inclusion. For this reason, it is essential to promote inclusive and accessible environments that allow them to enjoy full and participatory lives in their social environment. The situation of older adults attending the San José Municipality's senior citizen centers is being assessed for the promotion of an action plan that will serve as the basis for developing policies and actions serving the community and the older population. With the goal of promoting active aging and aiming to improve quality of life, as established by the Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (GNFACC) of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), a series of objectives are presented with the purpose of researching and thus increasing understanding of the problem. The lack of information related to meeting centers is the main concern for studying the friendliness of these public spaces. This diagnosis was conducted from a critical sociological perspective that contributes to generating alternatives to mitigate social inequality in aspects such as access to opportunities and basic resources, which in turn generate positive emotions, social participation, and civic commitment to older adults. This would be achieved through different dimensions and categories aimed at studying human behavior in physical spaces and their interaction with the social environment. The dimensions of analysis are social integration, quality of life, and social transformation. These concepts are interrelated and influenced by different categories and aspects related to aging and society, such as isolation, loneliness, social participation, human and chronic emotions, the social environment, role construction, friendly cities, social gerontology, the sociology of aging, and healthy aging.
The accelerated aging of the Costa Rican population poses significant challenges and a lack of opportunities in community spaces, such as senior citizen centers. This is seen as a set of barriers related to the social structure and organizations, naturally posing a challenge to social inclusion. For this reason, it is essential to promote inclusive and accessible environments that allow them to enjoy full and participatory lives in their social environment. The situation of older adults attending the San José Municipality's senior citizen centers is being assessed for the promotion of an action plan that will serve as the basis for developing policies and actions serving the community and the older population. With the goal of promoting active aging and aiming to improve quality of life, as established by the Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (GNFACC) of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), a series of objectives are presented with the purpose of researching and thus increasing understanding of the problem. The lack of information related to meeting centers is the main concern for studying the friendliness of these public spaces. This diagnosis was conducted from a critical sociological perspective that contributes to generating alternatives to mitigate social inequality in aspects such as access to opportunities and basic resources, which in turn generate positive emotions, social participation, and civic commitment to older adults. This would be achieved through different dimensions and categories aimed at studying human behavior in physical spaces and their interaction with the social environment. The dimensions of analysis are social integration, quality of life, and social transformation. These concepts are interrelated and influenced by different categories and aspects related to aging and society, such as isolation, loneliness, social participation, human and chronic emotions, the social environment, role construction, friendly cities, social gerontology, the sociology of aging, and healthy aging.
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Palabras clave
INCLUSIÓN SOCIAL, SOCIAL INCLUSION, ASISTENCIA A LOS ANCIANOS, NURSING HOME, CALIDAD DE VIDA, QUALITY OF LIFE, CENTROS DIURNOS PARA ADULTOS, DIURNAL CENTERS FOR ADULTS, ANCIANOS, SENIORS