Mortalidad infantil por defectos congénitos en Costa Rica, 1981–2010
Fecha
2013
Autores
Barboza Arguello, María de la Paz
Benavides Lara, Adriana
Umaña, Lila
Vargas Leitón, Bernardo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo. Identificar las tendencias y el impacto de los diferentes tipos de defectos
congénitos (DC) en la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI) y neonatal (TMN) en Costa Rica
para el período 1981–2010.
Métodos. Se analizaron datos del Centro Centroamericano de Población, que utiliza las
versiones 9 y 10 de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades para clasificar las causas
de defunción. Se analizaron tendencias de mortalidad infantil, neonatal y residual. Para cada
grupo de DC se construyó un modelo de regresión Poisson Log Lineal. Se obtuvieron las TMI
y las TMN y los riesgos relativos correspondientes a las tres décadas 1981–1990, 1991–2000
y 2001–2010, con sus intervalos de confianza de 95% (IC95%). Los estimados se compararon
mediante chi cuadrado de Wald.
Resultados. Al comparar la década de 1980 con la del 2000, la TMN y la TMI por DC
presentó una disminución significativa de 2,37 (IC95%: 2,26–2,48) a 2,13 (2,03–2,23) y
de 4,13 (3,99–4,27) a 3,18 (3,05–3,31), respectivamente. Los grupos de DC que registraron
una reducción significativa en la TMI fueron: sistema nervioso, digestivo y circulatorio. Con
excepción del sistema circulatorio, estos grupos experimentaron una caída significativa en la
TMN. En el resto de los grupos se registró un aumento significativo o no hubo cambio.
Conclusiones. Se ha producido una disminución de la TMI y la TMN por DC, aunque
proporcionalmente estas tasas han crecido debido a un mayor descenso de las otras causas. Esta
reducción es mucho menor en la mortalidad neonatal. Se debe fortalecer la prevención primaria
y la atención neonatal de los DC.
OBJECTIVE: Identify trends for different types of birth defects and their impact on infant (IMR) and neonatal (NMR) mortality rates in Costa Rica from 1981 to 2010. METHODS: Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality trends were analyzed, using data from the Central American Population Center, which uses the International Classification of Diseases, versions 9 and 10, to classify causes of death. For each group of birth defects, a Poisson log-linear regression model was constructed. IMR and NMR, relative risk, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for the three decades (1981-1990, 1991-2000, and 2001-2010). Estimates were compared using Wald chi square. RESULTS: Comparison of the 1980s and the 2000s found a significant decrease in NMR and IMR from birth defects in these decades, from 2.37 (95%CI: 2.26-2.48) to 2.13 (2.03-2.23) and from 4.13 (3.99-4.27) to 3.18 (3.05-3.31), respectively. Reduction in IMR was significant for birth defect groups for nervous, digestive, and circulatory systems. There was also a significant drop in NMR for nervous and digestive system groups. All other groups experienced a significant increase or no change. CONCLUSIONS: IMR and NMR from birth defects have decreased, although these rates have increased proportionately due to a greater decline in other causes. This reduction is much smaller for neonatal mortality. Primary prevention and neonatal care of birth defects should be strengthened.(AU)
OBJECTIVE: Identify trends for different types of birth defects and their impact on infant (IMR) and neonatal (NMR) mortality rates in Costa Rica from 1981 to 2010. METHODS: Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality trends were analyzed, using data from the Central American Population Center, which uses the International Classification of Diseases, versions 9 and 10, to classify causes of death. For each group of birth defects, a Poisson log-linear regression model was constructed. IMR and NMR, relative risk, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for the three decades (1981-1990, 1991-2000, and 2001-2010). Estimates were compared using Wald chi square. RESULTS: Comparison of the 1980s and the 2000s found a significant decrease in NMR and IMR from birth defects in these decades, from 2.37 (95%CI: 2.26-2.48) to 2.13 (2.03-2.23) and from 4.13 (3.99-4.27) to 3.18 (3.05-3.31), respectively. Reduction in IMR was significant for birth defect groups for nervous, digestive, and circulatory systems. There was also a significant drop in NMR for nervous and digestive system groups. All other groups experienced a significant increase or no change. CONCLUSIONS: IMR and NMR from birth defects have decreased, although these rates have increased proportionately due to a greater decline in other causes. This reduction is much smaller for neonatal mortality. Primary prevention and neonatal care of birth defects should be strengthened.(AU)
Descripción
Palabras clave
Anomalías congénitas; mortalidad infantil; nacimiento con vida; salud del niño; Costa Rica., COSTA RICA, ENFERMEDADES HEREDITARIAS, ANOMALIAS CROMOSOMICAS, MORTALIDAD INFANTIL, SALUD DE LOS NIÑOS, HEREDITARY DISEASES, CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES, INFANT MORTALITY, CHILDREN'S HEALTH