Pasantía en medicina interna y cirugía en especies menores en el Hospital Veterinario México (CVM) y en el Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres (HEMS) de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica.
Fecha
2022
Autores
Mora Fallas, Yislany
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Se realizó una pasantía en el Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres
(HEMS) de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional y en el
Centro Veterinario México en la Ciudad de México (CVM) con una duración de ocho
semanas, ambos centros hospitalarios clasificados como centros de referencia por su
gran casuística y experiencia.
Se atendió en ambos centros hospitalarios 157 pacientes, en medicina interna
hubo 122 casos en donde el principal motivo de consulta de caninos en el CVM fue
por vómito (10%) y decaimiento (10%), de felinos fue vómito (29%), seguido de diarrea
(21%). En el HEMS los caninos se presentaron por claudicación (13%) y decaimiento
(9%), en los felinos el signo más común que notaron sus propietarios fue inapetencia
(20%) y vómito (10%).
Se realizaron diferentes pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes como
radiografías, ultrasonidos, endoscopías, tomografías computarizadas, resonancias
magnéticas, el ultrasonido abdominal fue el más utilizado en ambos hospitales (33%
en el CVM y 37% en el HEMS), también las radiografías de la sección abdominal (23%
en el CVM y 18% en el HEMS).
Análisis como el hemograma destaca con 41% en el CVM y 43% en el HEMS
del total de pruebas realizadas, igualmente las bioquímicas sanguíneas se utilizaron
en 41% en el CVM y 40% en el HEMS, por otro lado la biopsia fue de los exámenes
remitidos a laboratorios de diagnóstico que más se usó, con 36% en CVM y en el
HEMS 29%.
x
En caninos, el sistema digestivo, el sistema musculoesquelético y el sistema
urinario fueron los más afectados, en felinos, el sistema digestivo y el sistema urinario
en cada hospital.
Se hicieron 78 procedimientos quirúrgicos en 67 animales, las intervenciones
en tejidos blandos para el CVM y el HEMS fueron 63% y 73% respectivamente, y en
ortopedia 37% y 28%.
La cirugía oncológica fue la más común (21%) en el HEMS, también se
realizaron ovariohisterectomías (10%) y uretrostomías (10%). En el CVM se realizaron
en mayor cantidad las ovariohisterectomías (21%) y las cistotomías (21%).
En ortopedia las principales cirugías del CVM fueron hemilaminectomías (43%)
y avance de cresta tibial (TTA) (21%) mientras que el HEMS la reducción abierta de
fracturas con fijación interna se hizo en un 55% seguido de amputación de la cabeza
de fémur con 27%.
También se participó en el diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento de
enfermedades, preparación de protocolos anestésicos, prequirúrgicos del paciente,
preparativos del quirófano, asistencia en cirugía, monitoreo y tratamiento
postoperatorio del paciente.
An internship was carried out at the Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres (HEMS) of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the National University and at the Centro Veterinario México in Mexico City (CVM) with a duration of eight weeks, both hospital centers classified as reference centers for their great casuistry and experience. 157 patients were treated in both hospitals, in internal medicine there were 122 cases where the main reason for consultation of canines in the CVM was vomiting (10%) and decay (10%), felines were vomiting (29%), followed by diarrhea (21%). In the HEMS the canines were presented by claudication (13%) and decay (9%), in felines the most common sign noticed by their owners was loss of appetite (20%) and vomiting (10%). Different diagnostic imaging tests were performed such as x-rays, ultrasounds, endoscopies, CT scans, magnetic resonances, abdominal ultrasound was the most used in both hospitals (33% in the CVM and 37% in the HEMS), also the x-rays of the abdominal section (23% in the CVM and 18% in the HEMS). Analysis such as the blood count stands out with 41% in the CVM and 43% in the HEMS of the total tests performed, also the blood biochemicals were used in 41% in the CVM and 40% in the HEMS, on the other hand the biopsy was of the tests referred to diagnostic laboratories that was most used, with 36% in CVM and in the HEMS 29%. xii In canines, the digestive system, the musculoskeletal system, and the urinary system were the most affected, in felines, the digestive system and the urinary system in each hospital. 78 surgical procedures were performed in 67 animals, soft tissue interventions for CVM and HEMS were 63% and 73% respectively, and in orthopedics 37% and 28%. Oncological surgery was the most common (21%) in HEMS, ovariohysterectomies (10%) and urethrostomies (10%) were also performed. In the CVM, ovariohysterectomies (21%) and cystotomy (21%) were performed in greater numbers. In orthopedics, the main surgeries of the CVM were hemilaminectomies (43%) and tibial crest advancement (TTA) (21%) while the HEMS open reduction of fractures with internal fixation was done in 55% followed by amputation of the femur head with 27%. We also participated in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of diseases, preparation of anesthetic protocols, presurgical patient protocols, operating room preparations, assistance in surgery, monitoring and postoperative treatment of the patient.
An internship was carried out at the Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres (HEMS) of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the National University and at the Centro Veterinario México in Mexico City (CVM) with a duration of eight weeks, both hospital centers classified as reference centers for their great casuistry and experience. 157 patients were treated in both hospitals, in internal medicine there were 122 cases where the main reason for consultation of canines in the CVM was vomiting (10%) and decay (10%), felines were vomiting (29%), followed by diarrhea (21%). In the HEMS the canines were presented by claudication (13%) and decay (9%), in felines the most common sign noticed by their owners was loss of appetite (20%) and vomiting (10%). Different diagnostic imaging tests were performed such as x-rays, ultrasounds, endoscopies, CT scans, magnetic resonances, abdominal ultrasound was the most used in both hospitals (33% in the CVM and 37% in the HEMS), also the x-rays of the abdominal section (23% in the CVM and 18% in the HEMS). Analysis such as the blood count stands out with 41% in the CVM and 43% in the HEMS of the total tests performed, also the blood biochemicals were used in 41% in the CVM and 40% in the HEMS, on the other hand the biopsy was of the tests referred to diagnostic laboratories that was most used, with 36% in CVM and in the HEMS 29%. xii In canines, the digestive system, the musculoskeletal system, and the urinary system were the most affected, in felines, the digestive system and the urinary system in each hospital. 78 surgical procedures were performed in 67 animals, soft tissue interventions for CVM and HEMS were 63% and 73% respectively, and in orthopedics 37% and 28%. Oncological surgery was the most common (21%) in HEMS, ovariohysterectomies (10%) and urethrostomies (10%) were also performed. In the CVM, ovariohysterectomies (21%) and cystotomy (21%) were performed in greater numbers. In orthopedics, the main surgeries of the CVM were hemilaminectomies (43%) and tibial crest advancement (TTA) (21%) while the HEMS open reduction of fractures with internal fixation was done in 55% followed by amputation of the femur head with 27%. We also participated in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of diseases, preparation of anesthetic protocols, presurgical patient protocols, operating room preparations, assistance in surgery, monitoring and postoperative treatment of the patient.
Descripción
Modalidad: Pasantía
Palabras clave
MEDICINA INTERNA, ESPECIES MENORES, DIAGNÓSTICO MEDIANTE ULTRASONIDOS, DIAGNOSTICO DE LABORATORIO, SMALL ANIMAL, INTERNAL MEDICINE, LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS, DIAGNOSTICS (VETERINARY MEDICINE)