Evolución del pensamiento de la política exterior costarricense: la elaboración y desarrollo del concepto de ambiente en los discursos ante Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas (1950-2018)
Fecha
2022
Autores
Alfaro López, José Pablo
Oviedo Espinoza, Emanuel
Ramírez Segura, Rolando
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Con el propósito de consolidar las capacidades de investigación de los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Relaciones Internacionales en el año 2019, se aprobó la actividad académica SIA 495-19, denominada Fortalecimiento de las Capacidades de Investigación de los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Relaciones Internacionales, adscrita al programa 0048-15 Programa de Investigación en Política Internacional; dado que los productos que emanaron de la actividad académica en cuestión, debían abordar temáticas poco exploradas en los estudios sobre política exterior de Costa Rica.
De tal manera, esta memoria recoge los resultados de la investigación desarrollada en el seminario de graduación titulado: “Evolución del pensamiento de la política exterior costarricense: la elaboración y desarrollo del concepto de ambiente en los discursos ante la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas (1950-2018).”
En este estudio, se pretende analizar las principales categorías que han conformado el discurso de política exterior de Costa Rica, con el propósito de evidenciar los cambios y continuidades de la participación del país en el ámbito internacional, para luego profundizar en el desarrollo de dos conceptos específicos: ambiente y cooperación. De esta forma, se recurre a los acercamientos teóricos sobre el análisis del discurso político y su vínculo con la política exterior; así mismo, busca determinar las tendencias más relevantes presentes en el discurso de política exterior costarricense. Desde esta perspectiva, el primer objetivo de los seminarios se dedicará a tratar los acercamientos teóricos al discurso político; el segundo, a determinar las tendencias del discurso costarricense en el debate general de la Asamblea de Naciones Unidas y el tercero a estudiar en profundidad, pero separadamente, los conceptos de “cooperación internacional” y “ambiente”, uno por cada seminario.
El periodo de tiempo que comprende el estudio se remonta a los momentos particulares de la historia nacional e internacional. En el ámbito internacional se delimita a la conformación del sistema internacional de la Guerra Fría, con posterioridad a 1990, especialmente a una nueva arquitectura internacional caracterizada por un hegemón con varios centros de poder. Por otra parte, en el ámbito nacional corresponde al periodo de posguerra civil y a los años 70, que fueron periodos con mayor crecimiento económico y de desarrollo social, así como el ciclo de mayor estabilidad política en la historia del país.
With the purpose of consolidating the research capabilities of undergraduate students in International Relations in 2019, the academic activity SIA 495-19 was approved, called Strengthening the Research Capabilities of undergraduate students in International Relations, ascribed to the program 0048-15 Research Program in International Politics; given that the products that emanated from the academic activity in question, were to address topics little explored in the studies on Costa Rican foreign policy. In such a way, this report gathers the results of the research developed in the graduation seminar entitled: "Evolution of Costa Rican foreign policy thinking: the elaboration and development of the concept of environment in speeches before the United Nations General Assembly (1950-2018)". In this study, the aim is to analyze the main categories that have shaped Costa Rica's foreign policy discourse, with the purpose of evidencing the changes and continuities of the country's participation in the international arena, in order to then delve into the development of two specific concepts: environment and cooperation. In this way, it resorts to theoretical approaches on the analysis of political discourse and its link with foreign policy; likewise, it seeks to determine the most relevant trends present in the Costa Rican foreign policy discourse. From this perspective, the first objective of the seminars will be devoted to dealing with theoretical approaches to political discourse; the second, to determine the trends of Costa Rican discourse in the general debate of the United Nations Assembly; and the third, to study in depth, but separately, the concepts of "international cooperation" and "environment", one for each seminar. The period of time covered by the study goes back to particular moments in national and international history. In the international sphere, it is delimited to the conformation of the international system of the Cold War, after 1990, especially to a new international architecture characterized by a hegemon with several centers of power. On the other hand, at the national level, it corresponds to the post-civil war period and the 1970s, which were periods of greater economic growth and social development, as well as the most politically stable cycle in the country's history.
With the purpose of consolidating the research capabilities of undergraduate students in International Relations in 2019, the academic activity SIA 495-19 was approved, called Strengthening the Research Capabilities of undergraduate students in International Relations, ascribed to the program 0048-15 Research Program in International Politics; given that the products that emanated from the academic activity in question, were to address topics little explored in the studies on Costa Rican foreign policy. In such a way, this report gathers the results of the research developed in the graduation seminar entitled: "Evolution of Costa Rican foreign policy thinking: the elaboration and development of the concept of environment in speeches before the United Nations General Assembly (1950-2018)". In this study, the aim is to analyze the main categories that have shaped Costa Rica's foreign policy discourse, with the purpose of evidencing the changes and continuities of the country's participation in the international arena, in order to then delve into the development of two specific concepts: environment and cooperation. In this way, it resorts to theoretical approaches on the analysis of political discourse and its link with foreign policy; likewise, it seeks to determine the most relevant trends present in the Costa Rican foreign policy discourse. From this perspective, the first objective of the seminars will be devoted to dealing with theoretical approaches to political discourse; the second, to determine the trends of Costa Rican discourse in the general debate of the United Nations Assembly; and the third, to study in depth, but separately, the concepts of "international cooperation" and "environment", one for each seminar. The period of time covered by the study goes back to particular moments in national and international history. In the international sphere, it is delimited to the conformation of the international system of the Cold War, after 1990, especially to a new international architecture characterized by a hegemon with several centers of power. On the other hand, at the national level, it corresponds to the post-civil war period and the 1970s, which were periods of greater economic growth and social development, as well as the most politically stable cycle in the country's history.
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Palabras clave
COOPERACIÓN INTERNACIONAL, RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, POLÍTICA COMERCIAL INTERNACIONAL, POLÍTICA EXTERIOR, FOREIGN POLICY, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY