Impacto del comercio ilícito en las finanzas públicas de Costa Rica: una aproximación desde la recaudación pública
Fecha
2014-12
Autores
Alfaro Rodríguez, Jackeline
Garro Vargas, Rebeca
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene el fin de realizar una estimación del impacto
del comercio ilícito en las finanzas del Estado Costarricense en los últimos cinco
años. Dicho trabajo sigue una metodología de investigación descriptiva y explicativa.
Se utilizaron procesos de conocimiento como el análisis y la síntesis, además de
fuentes y técnicas para la recolección de la información tanto primarias como
secundarias (entrevistas, libros, revistas especializadas, documentos WEB, entre
otros). Su desarrollo responde a la necesidad del Ministerio de Hacienda de contar
con estudios y datos precisos que logren cuantificar, mediante una aproximación, los
impactos para la sociedad costarricense que conllevan la evasión y el contrabando.
Sin obviar el impacto negativo que las prácticas del comercio ilícito
desencadena en aspectos sociales, tales como índices de desarrollo, desempleo, y
pobreza, este estudio se concentra en las implicaciones que el contrabando y la
evasión tienen como distorsionante del comercio nacional e internacional. Por último,
se realizan una serie de recomendaciones al Ministerio de Hacienda sobre la
propuesta de difusión de los datos obtenidos para sensibilizar a la población en el
tema del comercio ilícito; además se pone en manifiesto una serie de debilidades
normativas, de control y fiscalización que incentivan la continuidad de dichas
prácticas. También se busca resaltar los esfuerzos que se deben realizar en el tema
del fomento a la educación tributaria, y la participación ciudadana como bases para
mitigar los niveles que han alcanzado la evasión tributaria y aduanera, así como el
contrabando en el país.
The purpose of this research is to estimate the impact of illicit trade in the finances of the Costa Rican State in the last five years. This work follows a descriptive and explanatory research methodology. Knowledge processes such as analysis and synthesis were used, in addition to sources and techniques for collecting information, both primary and secondary (interviews, books, specialized magazines, WEB documents, among others). Its development responds to the need of the Ministry of Finance to have with studies and precise data that manage to quantify, through an approximation, the impacts for Costa Rican society that evasion and smuggling entail. Without ignoring the negative impact that illicit trade practices triggers in social aspects, such as rates of development, unemployment, and poverty, this study focuses on the implications that smuggling and evasion have as a distortion of national and international trade. Finally, a series of recommendations are made to the Ministry of Finance on the Proposal for dissemination of the data obtained to sensitize the population in the issue of illicit trade; In addition, a series of weaknesses are revealed regulations, control and supervision that encourage the continuity of said practices. It also seeks to highlight the efforts that must be made on the subject of the promotion of tax education, and citizen participation as bases for mitigate the levels reached by tax and customs evasion, as well as the smuggling into the country.
The purpose of this research is to estimate the impact of illicit trade in the finances of the Costa Rican State in the last five years. This work follows a descriptive and explanatory research methodology. Knowledge processes such as analysis and synthesis were used, in addition to sources and techniques for collecting information, both primary and secondary (interviews, books, specialized magazines, WEB documents, among others). Its development responds to the need of the Ministry of Finance to have with studies and precise data that manage to quantify, through an approximation, the impacts for Costa Rican society that evasion and smuggling entail. Without ignoring the negative impact that illicit trade practices triggers in social aspects, such as rates of development, unemployment, and poverty, this study focuses on the implications that smuggling and evasion have as a distortion of national and international trade. Finally, a series of recommendations are made to the Ministry of Finance on the Proposal for dissemination of the data obtained to sensitize the population in the issue of illicit trade; In addition, a series of weaknesses are revealed regulations, control and supervision that encourage the continuity of said practices. It also seeks to highlight the efforts that must be made on the subject of the promotion of tax education, and citizen participation as bases for mitigate the levels reached by tax and customs evasion, as well as the smuggling into the country.
Descripción
Palabras clave
FINANZAS PÚBLICAS, COSTA RICA, COMERCIO, EVASION FISCAL, MINISTERIO DE HACIENDA, COSTA RICA, PUBLIC FINANCES, TRADE, TAX EVASION