El trabajo adolescente y sus implicaciones económicas y sociales en Costa Rica: lineamientos de mejora en las condiciones laborales de las personas adolescentes.
Fecha
2023-04-13
Autores
González Castro, Joshua
González Marín, Guiselle
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Existen muchas razones por las cuáles una persona adolescente decide integrarse a la
fuerza laboral. Según la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO, 2018), entre estas razones se
encuentra, por ejemplo, el aportar ingresos a su familia, ayudar en oficios domésticos, por
problemas en el acceso al sistema escolar, falta de interés por el aprendizaje escolar, entre otros,
siendo esto un causante de los bajos rendimientos académicos de los estudiantes o en el peor
de los casos un causante de que se abandonen los centros educativos imposibilitando su
desarrollo profesional a largo plazo.
La investigación en cuestión trata de abarcar un análisis del trabajo adolescente
persistente en la economía costarricense para el periodo 2017-2022 así como las condiciones
de este mercado tomando en cuenta variables como condición de actividad, sexo, edad, región,
zona, rama de actividad por sexo, salarios, entre otras.
Además, se plantea la estimación de un modelo Heckman utilizado generalmente en la
economía de trabajo permitiendo estimar probabilidades de participación en actividades como
la fuerza laboral o la educación.
En este caso en particular se corren dos modelos bietápicos1 que comparten las mismas
variables explicativas, pero para diferentes variables dependientes: Adolescentes que asisten a
un centro educativo y adolescentes que optan solo por trabajar.
Siendo de valor agregado para esta investigación, se plantean los pertinentes
lineamientos de mejora que contribuyan a la reducción de todo aquel trabajo que incide de
manera negativa sobre el desempeño académico de los estudiantes y la deserción permitiendo
esto su debido desarrollo individual dentro de la sociedad costarricense.
There are many reasons why an adolescent decides to join the labor force. According to the National Household Survey (ENAHO, 2018), among these reasons are finds, for example, contributing income to his family, helping with domestic tasks, problems in accessing the school system, lack of interest in school learning, among others, This being a cause of the students' low academic performance or, at worst, of cases a cause of educational centers being abandoned, making it impossible to long-term professional development. The research in question tries to cover an analysis of adolescent work persistent in the Costa Rican economy for the period 2017-2022 as well as the conditions of this market taking into account variables such as activity condition, sex, age, region, area, branch of activity by sex, salaries, among others. Furthermore, the estimation of a Heckman model generally used in the labor economy allowing to estimate probabilities of participation in activities such as the workforce or education. In this particular case, two two-stage models are run1 that share the same explanatory variables, but for different dependent variables: Adolescents who attend an educational center and teenagers who choose only to work. Being of added value for this research, the pertinent improvement guidelines that contribute to the reduction of all that work that has a negative impact negative way on the academic performance of students and dropout, allowing this their due individual development within Costa Rican society
There are many reasons why an adolescent decides to join the labor force. According to the National Household Survey (ENAHO, 2018), among these reasons are finds, for example, contributing income to his family, helping with domestic tasks, problems in accessing the school system, lack of interest in school learning, among others, This being a cause of the students' low academic performance or, at worst, of cases a cause of educational centers being abandoned, making it impossible to long-term professional development. The research in question tries to cover an analysis of adolescent work persistent in the Costa Rican economy for the period 2017-2022 as well as the conditions of this market taking into account variables such as activity condition, sex, age, region, area, branch of activity by sex, salaries, among others. Furthermore, the estimation of a Heckman model generally used in the labor economy allowing to estimate probabilities of participation in activities such as the workforce or education. In this particular case, two two-stage models are run1 that share the same explanatory variables, but for different dependent variables: Adolescents who attend an educational center and teenagers who choose only to work. Being of added value for this research, the pertinent improvement guidelines that contribute to the reduction of all that work that has a negative impact negative way on the academic performance of students and dropout, allowing this their due individual development within Costa Rican society
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, CONDICIONES ECONÓMICAS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, CONDICIONES SOCIALES, SOCIAL CONDITIONS, CONDICIONES LABORALES, LABOR CONDITIONS, ADOLESCENTES, TEENAGERS