Implementación de una red geodésica tridimensional urbana por metodologías GNSS en tiempo real y metodología convencional para el análisis de la efectividad de las metodologías cinemáticas en la determinación de elevación en los distritos Santa Ana, Salitral y Pozos del cantón Santa Ana
Fecha
2024-09
Autores
Rivera López, Zuriel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Resumen. La investigación corresponde a la implementación de una red geodésica que permitió evaluar la efectividad de los métodos de medición satelitales de posicionamiento cinemático, de tiempo real cinemático RTK y la metodología convencional de poligonación vertical. En la determinación de elevaciones, se puede concluir que las exactitudes obtenidas, iguales o inferiores a 2,1 centímetros de poligonación vertical son aceptables para proyectos de ingeniería, aunque es importante considerar que es la metodología más susceptible a los errores acumulados, que requiere más tiempo por lo tanto su costo es mayor que las metodologías satelitales GNSS.
El método de posicionamiento cinemático brindó resultados efectivos determinando los tres componentes espaciales de vértices geodésicos, con tiempos de medición de 10 minutos se logró obtener exactitudes menores a 2,7 centímetros en el componente horizontal e inferiores a 5,4 centímetros en el componente vertical, aunque la variabilidad en la determinación de elevaciones se ve influenciada por la recepción de señal en un horizonte despejado. Por otro lado, la metodología RTK destacó por las precisiones y rapidez para determinar los tres componentes de los vértices geodésicos de la red, con mediciones de 1 segundo. Sin embargo; se debe analizar las diferencias que existen entre las alturas ortométricas derivadas del modelo geoidal EGM2008, obtenidas con RTK y las otras metodologías ya que se encontraron diferencias de hasta 25 centímetros.
En las diferencias encontradas en el proceso de transformación de época, debido a la naturaleza dinámica de la superficie terrestre y los marcos de referencia que incorporan estos fenómenos hasta una época determinada, se detecta que existen diferencias significativas de 3 centímetros, que se sugiere que deben ser consideradas en los levantamientos en épocas no oficializadas, utilizando los parámetros oficializados por el Registro Nacional, como lo es el método Molodensky-Badekas.
Abstract. The research corresponds to the implementation of a geodetic network that allowed the evaluation of the effectiveness of satellite measurement methods for kinematic positioning, real-time kinematic RTK, and the conventional vertical polygon methodology. In determining elevations, it can be concluded that the accuracies obtained, equal to or less than 2.1 centimeters of vertical polygonation, are acceptable for engineering projects, although it is important to consider that this methodology is more susceptible to accumulated errors, requires more time, and therefore has a higher cost than GNSS satellite methodologies. The kinematic positioning method provided effective results in determining the three spatial components of geodetic vertices. With measurement times of 10 minutes, accuracies of less than 2.7 centimeters in the horizontal component and less than 5.4 centimeters in the vertical component were achieved, although the variability in the determination of elevations is influenced by signal reception in a clear horizon. On the other hand, the RTK methodology stood out for its accuracy and speed in determining the three components of the network's geodetic vertices, with measurements of 1 second. However, the differences between the orthometric heights derived from the EGM2008 geoid model, obtained with RTK and the other methodologies, must be analyzed, as differences of up to 25 centimeters were found. In the differences found in the process of transformation over time, due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's surface and the reference frames that incorporate these phenomena up to a certain point in time, significant differences of 3 centimeters have been detected. It is suggested that these differences should be taken into account in surveys conducted in unofficial periods, using the parameters officially recognized by the National Registry, such as the Molodensky-Badekas method.
Abstract. The research corresponds to the implementation of a geodetic network that allowed the evaluation of the effectiveness of satellite measurement methods for kinematic positioning, real-time kinematic RTK, and the conventional vertical polygon methodology. In determining elevations, it can be concluded that the accuracies obtained, equal to or less than 2.1 centimeters of vertical polygonation, are acceptable for engineering projects, although it is important to consider that this methodology is more susceptible to accumulated errors, requires more time, and therefore has a higher cost than GNSS satellite methodologies. The kinematic positioning method provided effective results in determining the three spatial components of geodetic vertices. With measurement times of 10 minutes, accuracies of less than 2.7 centimeters in the horizontal component and less than 5.4 centimeters in the vertical component were achieved, although the variability in the determination of elevations is influenced by signal reception in a clear horizon. On the other hand, the RTK methodology stood out for its accuracy and speed in determining the three components of the network's geodetic vertices, with measurements of 1 second. However, the differences between the orthometric heights derived from the EGM2008 geoid model, obtained with RTK and the other methodologies, must be analyzed, as differences of up to 25 centimeters were found. In the differences found in the process of transformation over time, due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's surface and the reference frames that incorporate these phenomena up to a certain point in time, significant differences of 3 centimeters have been detected. It is suggested that these differences should be taken into account in surveys conducted in unofficial periods, using the parameters officially recognized by the National Registry, such as the Molodensky-Badekas method.
Descripción
Rivera López, Z. (2024). Implementación de una red geodésica tridimensional urbana por metodologías GNSS en tiempo real y metodología convencional para el análisis de la efectividad de las metodologías cinemáticas en la determinación de elevación en los distritos Santa Ana, Salitral y Pozos del cantón Santa Ana. [Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Nacional].
Palabras clave
GEODESIA, DATOS ESPACIALES, SISTEMAS DE POSICIONAMIENTO GLOBAL, GEODESY, SPATIAL DATA, GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
