Evaluación preliminar de aguas y suelos como insumo para el diagnóstico socioambiental en el Humedal Palustrino Corral de Piedra, Guanacaste
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Fecha
2012-08
Autores
Rojas Cantillano, Daniela
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El Humedal Palusfrino Corral de Piedra se ubica en Distrito de San Antonio del Cantón de Nicoya, Provincia de Guanacaste y es una extensión del sitio Ramsar Palo Verde. En su zona de amortiguamiento se encuentra el poblado de Corral de Piedra habitado por 19 familias, cuyas actividades están íntimamente relacionadas con el humedal, lo cual podría constituirse en una condición de vulnerabilidad para este.
Este estudio se desarrolló como insumo para el diagnóstico socio ambiental de la zona y consistió en un análisis físico, químico y microbiológico de las aguas superficiales y sus sedimentos, los suelos de la zona, y la red de abastecimiento de agua. Además, se determinó la percepción de los pobladores de Corral de Piedra en relación con el ambiente mediante entrevistas, talleres y su vinculación en las diversas actividades de muestreo.
El agua de la red de abastecimiento cumple con las normas de potabilidad en todos los parámetros evaluados, a excepción de la dureza total, calcio y magnesio. Esta condición, hace necesario evaluar, mediante estudios específicos, el establecimiento de un pretratamiento de ablandamiento de agua.
Las aguas del río y del humedal son de buena calidad, ubicándose para la mayoría de los parámetros en la Clase 1 del Reglamento para la evaluación y clasificación de la calidad de cuerpos de aguas superficiales. No obstante, desde la perspectiva de la demanda química de oxígeno y de la concentración de grasas y aceites, las aguas del río se ubican en las Clases 4 y 5, lo que determina la necesidad de controlar posibles aportes de contaminantes de origen doméstico o comercial. De acuerdo con el Sistema Holandés de Valoración de la Calidad Físico Química del Agua para Cuerpos Receptores, el Río Corral de Piedra se clasifica con contaminación moderada.
Los suelos presentan una taxonomía del tipo Inseptisol mal drenado, el pH es cercano a la neutralidad sin observarse variaciones importantes épocas y los valores de densidad aparente y real son propios de suelos compactos y de tipo mineral, debido a lo cual se presentan anegamientos y poca absorción.
Aun cuando el recurso hídrico de la zona es de buena calidad, presenta alta vulnerabilidad por lo que es necesario implementar en la comunidad acciones que conduzcan a estilos de vida sustentables, con el fin de protegerlo. Afortunadamente, los pobladores de Corral de Piedra han logrado traducir en acciones positivas sus conocimientos, creencias y valores en relación con el ambiente en general y con el recurso hídrico en particular.
The Palusfrino Corral de Piedra Wetland is located in the District of San Antonio in the Canton of Nicoya, Province of Guanacaste and is an extension of the Palo Verde Ramsar site. In its buffer zone is the town of Corral de Piedra inhabited by 19 families, whose activities are closely related to the wetland, which could become a condition of vulnerability for it. This study was developed as an input for the socio-environmental diagnosis of the area and consisted of a physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of surface water and its sediments, the soils of the area, and the water supply network. In addition, the perception of the inhabitants of Corral de Piedra in relation to the environment was determined through interviews, workshops and their involvement in the various sampling activities. The water from the supply network complies with potability standards in all the parameters evaluated, with the exception of total hardness, calcium and magnesium. This condition makes it necessary to evaluate, through specific studies, the establishment of a water softening pretreatment. The waters of the river and the wetland are of good quality, being located for most of the parameters in Class 1 of the Regulation for the evaluation and classification of the quality of bodies of surface waters. However, from the perspective of chemical oxygen demand and the concentration of fats and oils, the river waters are located in Classes 4 and 5, which determines the need to control possible contributions of pollutants of domestic or commercial origin. . According to the Dutch System for Assessment of the Physical-Chemical Quality of Water for Receiving Bodies, the Corral de Piedra River is classified as moderately polluted. The soils present a taxonomy of the poorly drained Inseptisol type, the pH is close to neutrality without observing significant seasonal variations and the values of apparent and real density are typical of compact and mineral type soils, due to which there are waterlogging and little absorption. Even when the water resource in the area is of good quality, it is highly vulnerable, which is why it is necessary to implement actions in the community that lead to sustainable lifestyles, in order to protect it. Fortunately, the inhabitants of Corral de Piedra have managed to translate their knowledge, beliefs and values in relation to the environment in general and water resources in particular into positive actions.
The Palusfrino Corral de Piedra Wetland is located in the District of San Antonio in the Canton of Nicoya, Province of Guanacaste and is an extension of the Palo Verde Ramsar site. In its buffer zone is the town of Corral de Piedra inhabited by 19 families, whose activities are closely related to the wetland, which could become a condition of vulnerability for it. This study was developed as an input for the socio-environmental diagnosis of the area and consisted of a physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of surface water and its sediments, the soils of the area, and the water supply network. In addition, the perception of the inhabitants of Corral de Piedra in relation to the environment was determined through interviews, workshops and their involvement in the various sampling activities. The water from the supply network complies with potability standards in all the parameters evaluated, with the exception of total hardness, calcium and magnesium. This condition makes it necessary to evaluate, through specific studies, the establishment of a water softening pretreatment. The waters of the river and the wetland are of good quality, being located for most of the parameters in Class 1 of the Regulation for the evaluation and classification of the quality of bodies of surface waters. However, from the perspective of chemical oxygen demand and the concentration of fats and oils, the river waters are located in Classes 4 and 5, which determines the need to control possible contributions of pollutants of domestic or commercial origin. . According to the Dutch System for Assessment of the Physical-Chemical Quality of Water for Receiving Bodies, the Corral de Piedra River is classified as moderately polluted. The soils present a taxonomy of the poorly drained Inseptisol type, the pH is close to neutrality without observing significant seasonal variations and the values of apparent and real density are typical of compact and mineral type soils, due to which there are waterlogging and little absorption. Even when the water resource in the area is of good quality, it is highly vulnerable, which is why it is necessary to implement actions in the community that lead to sustainable lifestyles, in order to protect it. Fortunately, the inhabitants of Corral de Piedra have managed to translate their knowledge, beliefs and values in relation to the environment in general and water resources in particular into positive actions.
Descripción
Rojas Cantillano, D. (2012). Evaluación preliminar de aguas y suelos como insumo para el diagnóstico socioambiental en el Humedal Palustrino Corral de Piedra, Guanacaste. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
QUIMICA, CHEMISTRY, SUELOS, SOILS, AGUA, HUMEDALES, GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA)