Infancia en contextos urbano marginales : percepción de los niños y las niñas de la Escuela Nuevo Horizonte, La Milpa, sobre la niñez y el barrio que habitan, Costa Rica, durante el período 2017-2018
Fecha
2020
Autores
Saavedra Plazaola, Hilda
Herrera Rodríguez, Karen
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las temáticas que tienen relación con la niñez y los barrios urbano-marginales, se han
abordado desde distintas disciplinas, y desde distintos problemas u objetos de estudio, sin embargo,
aún existen vacíos y retos investigativos y metodológicos en esta materia. Aunado a lo anterior,
hace falta un abordaje contextualizado, sensible a contextos específicos, que incluya los
posicionamientos y las percepciones de los niños y las niñas respecto a las problemáticas e intereses
que a ellos y ellas conciernen.
La investigación se interesa por las acciones y percepciones sociales generalizadas que
reproducen la existencia de la estigmatización barrial. Además, como agrega Birhuett (2015) en
muy pocas ocasiones el tema barrial o la construcción de estos espacios se considera la perspectiva
infantil, aun cuando estos últimos tienen conocimiento de su propia realidad o del espacio que
habitan. En este sentido, es clave tener presente que, las personas menores de edad producen formas
de interpretación al mismo tiempo que construyen realidad. Sin embargo, es importante indicar que,
si bien en la infancia se construyen percepciones, estas se fundan con ciertas limitaciones, tanto por
el contexto como por el nivel de desarrollo en el que se encuentran. De ahí el interés por acercarnos
a la población, primero, porque en ellos existe una posibilidad de construir nuevos significados
respecto a lo barrial, y segundo porque el barrio es vivido también por esta población etaria. El
enfoque de la investigación es de carácter cualitativo ya que busca conocer las percepciones y los
significados construidos por los sujetos que habitan el barrio, específicamente los niños y las niñas.
Estos procesos de construcción social y de significación, serán abordados desde el sistema teórico
del interaccionismo simbólico principalmente la línea de pensamiento de Herbert Blumer, y la obra
“La construcción social de la realidad” de Peter Berger y Thomas Luckmann.
En miras de lograr ese objetivo, el diseño metodológico propuesto, es de tipo exploratorio e
interpretativo, lo anterior porque permite explorar y comprender las percepciones de los niños y las
niñas de La Milpa, con respecto a su condición de persona menor de edad, la vivencia dentro del
barrio, así como la construcción de lo barrial.
Por último, pero no menos importante, en el análisis de los resultados, se apela a las dos
perspectivas teóricas antes dichas y la metodología empleada.
The themes that are related to childhood and urban-marginal neighborhoods have been approached from different disciplines, and from different problems or objects of study, however, There are still gaps and investigative and methodological challenges in this matter. Added to this, What is needed is a contextualized approach, sensitive to specific contexts, which includes the positioning and perceptions of boys and girls regarding the problems and interests that they concern them. The research is interested in the generalized social actions and perceptions that reproduce the existence of neighborhood stigmatization. Furthermore, as Birhuett (2015) adds in very seldom is the neighborhood issue or the construction of these spaces considered the perspective children, even when the latter have knowledge of their own reality or of the space that they inhabit. In this sense, it is essential to bear in mind that minors produce forms of of interpretation at the same time that they construct reality. However, it is important to indicate that Although perceptions are built in childhood, they are based on certain limitations, both by the context as well as the level of development in which they are found. Hence the interest in approaching to the population, first, because in them there is a possibility of constructing new meanings regarding the neighborhood, and second because the neighborhood is also lived by this age population. The The approach of the research is of a qualitative nature since it seeks to know the perceptions and meanings constructed by the subjects that inhabit the neighborhood, specifically the boys and girls. These processes of social construction and meaning will be approached from the theoretical system of symbolic interactionism, mainly the line of thought of Herbert Blumer, and the work "The Social Construction of Reality" by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. In order to achieve this objective, the proposed methodological design is of an exploratory and interpretive, the above because it allows exploring and understanding the perceptions of children and girls from La Milpa, with respect to their condition as a minor, the experience within the neighborhood, as well as the construction of the neighborhood. Last but not least, in the analysis of the results, the two aforementioned
The themes that are related to childhood and urban-marginal neighborhoods have been approached from different disciplines, and from different problems or objects of study, however, There are still gaps and investigative and methodological challenges in this matter. Added to this, What is needed is a contextualized approach, sensitive to specific contexts, which includes the positioning and perceptions of boys and girls regarding the problems and interests that they concern them. The research is interested in the generalized social actions and perceptions that reproduce the existence of neighborhood stigmatization. Furthermore, as Birhuett (2015) adds in very seldom is the neighborhood issue or the construction of these spaces considered the perspective children, even when the latter have knowledge of their own reality or of the space that they inhabit. In this sense, it is essential to bear in mind that minors produce forms of of interpretation at the same time that they construct reality. However, it is important to indicate that Although perceptions are built in childhood, they are based on certain limitations, both by the context as well as the level of development in which they are found. Hence the interest in approaching to the population, first, because in them there is a possibility of constructing new meanings regarding the neighborhood, and second because the neighborhood is also lived by this age population. The The approach of the research is of a qualitative nature since it seeks to know the perceptions and meanings constructed by the subjects that inhabit the neighborhood, specifically the boys and girls. These processes of social construction and meaning will be approached from the theoretical system of symbolic interactionism, mainly the line of thought of Herbert Blumer, and the work "The Social Construction of Reality" by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. In order to achieve this objective, the proposed methodological design is of an exploratory and interpretive, the above because it allows exploring and understanding the perceptions of children and girls from La Milpa, with respect to their condition as a minor, the experience within the neighborhood, as well as the construction of the neighborhood. Last but not least, in the analysis of the results, the two aforementioned
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Palabras clave
HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), ENSEÑANZA PRIMARIA, PRIMARY EDUCATION, NIÑOS, KIDS, MARGINALIDAD, MARGINALITY