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Pathological Studies and Postmortem Computed Tomography of Dolphins with Meningoencephalomyelitis and Osteoarthritis Caused by Brucella ceti

Fecha

2022-05-09

Autores

Granados-Zapata, Andrés
ROBLES MALAGAMBA, Maria Jose
González-Barrientos, Rocío
Chin-Wing Ko, Brian
BARQUERO-CALVO, ELIAS
Cordero-Chavaría, Minor
Suárez-Esquivel, Marcela
Guzman-Verri, Caterina
Palacios-Alfaro, Jose David
Tien-Sung, Connie

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MDPI

Resumen

Cetacean neurobrucellosis is a common cause of strandings in Costa Rica diagnosed by serology, bacteriology, and histopathology. Pathological studies were performed on 18 dolphins. Twelve were scanned by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) as a complementary tool for describing neurobrucellosis and osteoarticular alterations associated with Brucella ceti infections. The central nervous system (CNS) and the skeleton of five dolphins not infected with B ceti did not reveal alterations by PMCT scanning. Seven Brucella-infected dolphins showed at least bilateral ventriculomegaly associated with hydrocephalus and accumulation in CSF in the lateral ventricles. We performed semiquantitative grading of the inflammatory process in the different areas of the CNS and evaluated the thickness of the cellular infiltrate in the meninges and the perivascular cuffs. The results for the severity grading were graphed to provide an injury profile associated with each area of the CNS. Age is not a decisive factor regarding neurobrucellosis presentation. The severity of ventriculomegaly by PMCT does not directly correlate with the severity of the inflammatory index determined by histopathological parameters of the brain cortex and other CNS regions, suggesting that these processes, although linked, are multifactorial and need further characterization and validation to establish better cutoffs on the PMCT.
La neurobrucelosis de los cetáceos es una causa común de varamientos en Costa Rica diagnosticada por serología, bacteriología e histopatología. Se realizaron estudios patológicos en 18 delfines. Doce fueron escaneados mediante tomografía computarizada postmortem (TCPM) como herramienta complementaria para describir la neurobrucelosis y las alteraciones osteoarticulares asociadas a las infecciones por Brucella ceti. El sistema nervioso central (SNC) y el esqueleto de cinco delfines no infectados por B ceti no revelaron no mostraron alteraciones en la TCMP. Siete delfines infectados por Brucella mostraron al menos ventriculomegalia bilateral asociada con hidrocefalia y acumulación de LCR en los ventrículos laterales. Nosotros Se realizó una clasificación semicuantitativa del proceso inflamatorio en las diferentes áreas del SNC y evaluamos el grosor del infiltrado celular en las meninges y en los manguitos perivasculares. Los resultados de Los resultados de la clasificación de la gravedad se graficaron para proporcionar un perfil de lesión asociado a cada área del SNC. La edad no es un factor decisivo en la presentación de la neurobrucelosis. La gravedad de la La gravedad de la ventriculomegalia por PMCT no se correlaciona directamente con la gravedad del índice inflamatorio determinado por los parámetros histopatológicos de la corteza cerebral y otras regiones del SNC, lo que sugiere que estos procesos, aunque vinculados, son multifactoriales y necesitan una mayor caracterización y validación para establecer mejores puntos de corte en la PMCT.

Descripción

We thank all the personnel of the Aquatic Animal Virtopsy Lab, Hong Kong and SENASA of Costa Rica, especially to the Central Pacific Region and LANASEVE, Hellen Porras Fernández, Juan Carlos Alvarado, Osvaldo Barrantes Granados, Jacqueline Cubillo Morera, Josimar Estrella Morales, Eunice Viquez Ruiz, and the personnel from Parque Marino del Pacífico for their collaboration with the localization and handling of the stranded animals. Additionally, we want to give a special thanks to Jimmy Vargas Olivares from the Hospital San Vicente de Paul for assisting in the histopathological preparations. We also thank the Municipal Police and Coastguard of Costa Rica, the personnel from the Program of Investigation of Tropical Diseases (PIET) to Nazareth Ruiz Oceans 2022, 3 202 Villalobos, and Karol Roca for their collaboration during necropsies. This work was supported and approved as part of the National Program of Wildlife of SENASA San José, Costa Rica.

Palabras clave

BRUCELLA, BRUCELOSIS, DELFIN, DELPHIN, PATOLOGÍA ANIMAL, ANIMAL PATHOLOGY

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