Aplicación de los sistemas de información geográfica a la topografía, catastro y geodesia
Archivos
Fecha
2007
Autores
Alberto Aguilar Vargas, David
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El presente trabajo consiste en una descripción de los sistemas de información geográfica y del uso de las herramientas asociadas con los campos de la Topografía, Catastro y Geodesia. Comprende los conceptos generales y fundamentos de esta tecnología, contemplando los elementos constitutivos y su funcionalidad, además de una breve reseña histórica de lo que han sido los sistemas de información geográfica en general, y particularmente de los sistemas de esta índole de tipo digital. Para un mejor entendimiento de cómo los datos se almacenan y administran dentro de los sistemas de información geográfica, se discuten los conceptos de estructuras vectoriales y raster, así como también la composición estratificada de los datos mediante capas temáticas. Tal y como se establece en la metodología, la aplicación de software a utilizar para las pruebas prácticas de las herramientas vinculadas con el área topográfica es el ArcGIS de ESRI, por ser probablemente el producto de esta índole más extendido a nivel mundial y con una amplia utilización a nivel nacional. Por tal motivo se realiza una descripción general de la familia de productos ArcGIS y las aplicaciones ArcCatalog, ArcMap y ArcToolBox. Posteriormente, como parte central del documento se incluyen aplicaciones de los sistemas de información geográfica para procesos de georeferenciación geodésica, introducción y procesamiento de información de levantamientos topográficos, aplicaciones catastrales, rectificación de imágenes y generación de modelos tridimensionales de terreno. Para estos tópicos se establece tanto el fundamento teórico, como la descripción detallada de las pruebas prácticas realizadas para la posterior evaluación de la idoneidad de las herramientas en cada campo en particular.
The present work consists of a description of geographic information systems and the use of tools associated with the fields of Topography, Cadastre and Geodesy. It includes the general concepts and fundamentals of this technology, contemplating the constitutive elements and their functionality, as well as a brief historical review of what geographic information systems have been in general, and particularly of digital systems of this nature. For a better understanding of how data is stored and managed within geographic information systems, the concepts of vector and raster structures are discussed, as well as the stratified composition of data through thematic layers. As established in the methodology, the software application to be used for the practical tests of the tools related to the topographical area is ESRI's ArcGIS, as it is probably the most widespread product of this nature worldwide and with a wide variety of applications. use at the national level. For this reason, a general description of the ArcGIS family of products and the ArcCatalog, ArcMap and ArcToolBox applications is made. Subsequently, as a central part of the document, applications of geographic information systems are included for geodetic georeferencing processes, introduction and processing of topographic survey information, cadastral applications, image rectification and generation of three-dimensional terrain models. For these topics, both the theoretical foundation is established, as well as the detailed description of the practical tests carried out for the subsequent evaluation of the suitability of the tools in each particular field.
The present work consists of a description of geographic information systems and the use of tools associated with the fields of Topography, Cadastre and Geodesy. It includes the general concepts and fundamentals of this technology, contemplating the constitutive elements and their functionality, as well as a brief historical review of what geographic information systems have been in general, and particularly of digital systems of this nature. For a better understanding of how data is stored and managed within geographic information systems, the concepts of vector and raster structures are discussed, as well as the stratified composition of data through thematic layers. As established in the methodology, the software application to be used for the practical tests of the tools related to the topographical area is ESRI's ArcGIS, as it is probably the most widespread product of this nature worldwide and with a wide variety of applications. use at the national level. For this reason, a general description of the ArcGIS family of products and the ArcCatalog, ArcMap and ArcToolBox applications is made. Subsequently, as a central part of the document, applications of geographic information systems are included for geodetic georeferencing processes, introduction and processing of topographic survey information, cadastral applications, image rectification and generation of three-dimensional terrain models. For these topics, both the theoretical foundation is established, as well as the detailed description of the practical tests carried out for the subsequent evaluation of the suitability of the tools in each particular field.
Descripción
Aguilar Vargas, D. A. (2007). Aplicación de los sistemas de información geográfica a la topografía, catastro y geodesia [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
SISTEMAS DE INFORMACION GEOGRAFICA, TOPOGRAFIA, CATASTRO, GEODESIA, APLICACION TECNOLOGICA, GEODESY, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)