Análisis de la pesquería del atún procesado por Sardimar en el Pacífico de Costa Rica desde 1996 hasta el 2007
Archivos
Fecha
2012
Autores
Bermúdez Mora, Daniel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
En este estudio se analiza la actividad de desembarque de la flota cerquera atunera en el Pacífico de Costa Rica, para la empresa Sardimar en el periodo de 1996 al 2007; por esta razón se describe la composición de la flota pesquera atunera referente a las embarcaciones, así como el arte de pesca utilizado, se identifican y cuantifican las especies capturadas por desembarque, así como la composición por peso durante el periodo de 1996 al 2007, y se determina la distribución espacio temporal e identifican los sitios de mayor captura para los últimos dos años del estudio, 2006 y 2007.
El análisis estadístico realizado para las capturas a Io largo de los 11 años, no mostró diferencias significativas, con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, debido a la variación estacional que presentan las capturas, con volúmenes altos o muy bajos anualmente.
Las 68 embarcaciones que desembarcaron en el periodo de 1996 al 2007 para Sardimar, presentan características muy similares con respecto a dimensiones, capacidad de acarreo, potencia del motor, y año de fabricación, todas pescan con red de cerco.
Durante el periodo del estudio, al avanzar los años se muestra una disminución en tallas mayores de T. albacares y un aumento en tallas menores de la misma especie, asimismo K. pelamis y mixto muestran un claro aumento en tonelaje capturado respecto al tiempo transcurrido; referente a la especie que representa el mayor porcentaje de descargue en el periodo de estudio es T. albacares, seguido de K pelamis, la cual es la especie que muestra el mayor aumento durante el transcurso del estudio.
La Zona Económica Exclusiva de Costa Rica es donde se encuentran localizados el mayor número de puntos, en los 28 meses que abarca el análisis de la distribución geográfica de las áreas de pesca, cabe resaltar que dominan los meses en que se da la tendencia a zonas más dispersas con un valor de 57,10/0 y las capturas en zonas más concentradas representan un del total, además es importante mencionar que la zonas donde se presentan las capturas concentradas' es dentro de la ZEE en la mayoría de los meses, a una temperatura superficial del agua cercana a los 300C.
This study analyzes the landing activity of the tuna purse seine fleet in the Pacific of Costa Rica, for the company Sardimar in the period from 1996 to 2007; For this reason, the composition of the tuna fishing fleet referring to the vessels is described, as well as the fishing gear used, the species captured by landing are identified and quantified, as well as the composition by weight during the period from 1996 to 2007, and the spatio-temporal distribution is determined and the sites with the highest capture for the last two years of the study, 2006 and 2007, are identified. The statistical analysis carried out for the catches throughout the 11 years, did not show significant differences, with the Kruskal-Wallis test, due to the seasonal variation that the catches present, with high or very low volumes annually. The 68 vessels that landed in the period from 1996 to 2007 for Sardimar, present very similar characteristics with respect to dimensions, hauling capacity, engine power, and year of manufacture, all fish with seine nets. During the study period, as the years progressed, a decrease in larger sizes of T. albacares and an increase in smaller sizes of the same species was shown, likewise K. pelamis and mixed showed a clear increase in tonnage caught with respect to the elapsed time; Regarding the species that represents the highest percentage of discharge in the study period is T. albacares, followed by K pelamis, which is the species that shows the highest increase during the course of the study. The Exclusive Economic Zone of Costa Rica is where the largest number of points are located, in the 28 months covered by the analysis of the geographical distribution of the fishing areas, it should be noted that the months in which the tendency to zones more dispersed with a value of 57.10/0 and the catches in more concentrated areas represent one of the total, it is also important to mention that the areas where the concentrated catches occur is within the ZEE in most months, a surface water temperature close to 300C.
This study analyzes the landing activity of the tuna purse seine fleet in the Pacific of Costa Rica, for the company Sardimar in the period from 1996 to 2007; For this reason, the composition of the tuna fishing fleet referring to the vessels is described, as well as the fishing gear used, the species captured by landing are identified and quantified, as well as the composition by weight during the period from 1996 to 2007, and the spatio-temporal distribution is determined and the sites with the highest capture for the last two years of the study, 2006 and 2007, are identified. The statistical analysis carried out for the catches throughout the 11 years, did not show significant differences, with the Kruskal-Wallis test, due to the seasonal variation that the catches present, with high or very low volumes annually. The 68 vessels that landed in the period from 1996 to 2007 for Sardimar, present very similar characteristics with respect to dimensions, hauling capacity, engine power, and year of manufacture, all fish with seine nets. During the study period, as the years progressed, a decrease in larger sizes of T. albacares and an increase in smaller sizes of the same species was shown, likewise K. pelamis and mixed showed a clear increase in tonnage caught with respect to the elapsed time; Regarding the species that represents the highest percentage of discharge in the study period is T. albacares, followed by K pelamis, which is the species that shows the highest increase during the course of the study. The Exclusive Economic Zone of Costa Rica is where the largest number of points are located, in the 28 months covered by the analysis of the geographical distribution of the fishing areas, it should be noted that the months in which the tendency to zones more dispersed with a value of 57.10/0 and the catches in more concentrated areas represent one of the total, it is also important to mention that the areas where the concentrated catches occur is within the ZEE in most months, a surface water temperature close to 300C.
Descripción
Bermúdez Mora, D. (2012). Análisis de la pesquería del atún procesado por Sardimar en el Pacífico de Costa Rica desde 1996 hasta el 2007. [Tesis Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
ATUN, TUNA, PESQUERIAS, FISHERIES, BIOLOGIA