Efecto multiplicador de la devaluación en el tipo de cambio sobre la estructura de costos de Costa Rica, con un modelo de insumo producto
Fecha
2020-02
Autores
Alvarado Barrantes, Ricardo
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Costa Rica se caracteriza por ser una economía pequeña y abierta, en este
contexto, la política cambiaria tiene implicaciones sobre los precios en las
actividades económicas, afectando las relaciones existentes entre las
variables que determinan la función de producción y consumo, por lo que las
variaciones en el tipo de cambio tienen efectos sobre la estructura de sus
costos. Si bien la ocurrencia de tendencias alcistas o bajistas en el valor del
tipo de cambio son moduladas por parte del Banco Central a través de su
política de intervención discrecional, conocer cuál es el efecto multiplicador
que la variación en el tipo de cambio pueda generar en el resto de las
actividades económicas de manera directa e indirecta es desconocido para la
sociedad.
En el presente trabajo se analiza el impacto de una devaluación1 dada la
estructura de costos en la economía costarricense ante una en el tipo de
cambio, utilizando como referencia la matriz de insumo producto con año base
2012, mediante un modelo de precios.
Entre los principales resultados sé identificó que el efecto total en la
producción de la economía es de 1.79%, explicado principalmente por las
importaciones totales (1.15 p.p.), mientras que los insumos nacionales
explican el 0.56 p.p. del efecto total.
Las industrias que presentaron un mayor impacto en su estructura de costos
son Manufactura, Construcción, y Minas y Canteras, mientras que, por
actividad económica, corresponde a la Fabricación de metales comunes,
Fabricación de los productos de la refinación del petróleo, Fabricación de
pinturas, plásticos y de caucho.
Costa Rica is characterized by being a small and open economy, in this context, exchange rate policy has implications on prices in economic activities, affecting the existing relationships between variables that determine the production and consumption function, so the Changes in the exchange rate have effects on the structure of its costs. Although the occurrence of upward or downward trends in the value of the exchange rate are modulated by the Central Bank through its discretionary intervention policy, know what the multiplier effect is that the variation in the exchange rate may generate in the rest of the economic activities in a direct and indirect way is unknown to the society. This paper analyzes the impact of a devaluation1 given the cost structure in the Costa Rican economy before one in the type of change, using as a reference the input-output matrix with base year 2012, using a pricing model. Among the main results, it was identified that the total effect on the production of the economy is 1.79%, mainly explained by the total imports (1.15 p.p.), while domestic inputs explain the 0.56 p.p. of the total effect. The industries that had the greatest impact on their cost structure are Manufacturing, Construction, and Mines and Quarries, while, for economic activity, corresponds to the Manufacture of common metals, Manufacture of petroleum refined products, Manufacture of paints, plastics and rubber.
Costa Rica is characterized by being a small and open economy, in this context, exchange rate policy has implications on prices in economic activities, affecting the existing relationships between variables that determine the production and consumption function, so the Changes in the exchange rate have effects on the structure of its costs. Although the occurrence of upward or downward trends in the value of the exchange rate are modulated by the Central Bank through its discretionary intervention policy, know what the multiplier effect is that the variation in the exchange rate may generate in the rest of the economic activities in a direct and indirect way is unknown to the society. This paper analyzes the impact of a devaluation1 given the cost structure in the Costa Rican economy before one in the type of change, using as a reference the input-output matrix with base year 2012, using a pricing model. Among the main results, it was identified that the total effect on the production of the economy is 1.79%, mainly explained by the total imports (1.15 p.p.), while domestic inputs explain the 0.56 p.p. of the total effect. The industries that had the greatest impact on their cost structure are Manufacturing, Construction, and Mines and Quarries, while, for economic activity, corresponds to the Manufacture of common metals, Manufacture of petroleum refined products, Manufacture of paints, plastics and rubber.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, ECONOMÍA, TIPOS DE CAMBIO, DEVALUACIÓN MONETARIA, EXCHANGE RATE, CURRENCY DEVALUATION