Florecimientos de dinoflagelados nocivos en la costa Pacífica de Costa Rica
Fecha
2008
Autores
Vargas Montero, Maribelle
Freer Bustamante, Enrique
C. Guzmán, Jonathan
Vargas, Juan Carlos
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Editor
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Iztapalapa (México)
Resumen
Desde 1979 se han reportado florecimientos de especies de microalgas nocivas (FAN) en la costa Pacífica de Costa Rica, reconociéndose hasta el 2005 al menos 13 taxa de dinoflagelados. En años recientes estos fenómenos se han intensificado tanto espacial como temporalmente, produciéndose discoloraciones casi ininterrumpidas que se extienden por toda la costa produciendo mortalidad de peces y fetidez en el agua. Tales FAN masivos se iniciaron con Pyrodinium bahamense en el 2000, quien perduró por más de un año y en el cual se observaron morfotipos correspondientes a las dos variedades de la especie, coexistiendo junto a Gymnodinium catenatum y ocasionando serios casos de Intoxicación Paralizante por Consumo de Mariscos (IPM). Posteriormente, de septiembre del 2003 hasta junio del 2004, Cochlodinium cf. polykrikoides produjo discoloraciones en toda la costa Pacífica, seguidas por manchas extensas de Akasiwo sanguinea y Gymnodinium instriatum. El evento más reciente se observó en junio del 2005 cuando Alexandrium monilatum produjo extensas discoloraciones con cadenas formadas por más de 100 células. Los FAN de dinoflagelados ahora son comunes en las costas de Costa Rica, posiblemente como resultado de las condiciones ambientales actuales que favorecen la proliferación masiva de especies invasivas (agresivas), las cuales incluso pueden afectar otros sitios del Pacífico americano como es el caso de P. bahamense var. compressum que puede desplazarse hasta México, a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico centroamericano a través de la Corriente Costera de Costa Rica y la Corriente Occidental Mexicana.
Since 1979 has been reported harmful microalgae blooms (HAB) on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, it was identified until 2005 at least 13 taxa of dinoflagellates. In recent years these phenomena have intensified both spatially and temporarily, discolorations occur almost uninterrupted; they are distributed for months and which extend along the coast causing death fish and smelly in the water. Such massive FAN started with Pyrodinium bahamense, whose discoloration in 2000 lasted for more than one year and in which morphotypes were observed the two varieties of the species, coexisting alongsidewith Gymnodinium catenatum and causing serious cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning by seafood consumption (PSP). Later, from September 2003 until June 2004, Cochlodinium cf. polykrikoides produced discolorations in the entire Pacific coast followed by extensive stains of Akasiwo sanguinea and Gymnodinium instriatum. The latest event was observed in June 2005 when Alexandrium monilatum produced extensive discolorations with chains formed by more than 100 cells. The HAB of dinoflagellates are now common along the coasts of Costa Rica, possibly as a result of the current environmental conditions that favor the massive proliferation of invasive species (aggressive), which can even affect other sites in the American Pacific as the case of P. bahamense var. compressum which can be moved towards Mexico along the Central Pacific Coast through the Costa Rica Current Flow and Mexican Western Current.
Since 1979 has been reported harmful microalgae blooms (HAB) on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, it was identified until 2005 at least 13 taxa of dinoflagellates. In recent years these phenomena have intensified both spatially and temporarily, discolorations occur almost uninterrupted; they are distributed for months and which extend along the coast causing death fish and smelly in the water. Such massive FAN started with Pyrodinium bahamense, whose discoloration in 2000 lasted for more than one year and in which morphotypes were observed the two varieties of the species, coexisting alongsidewith Gymnodinium catenatum and causing serious cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning by seafood consumption (PSP). Later, from September 2003 until June 2004, Cochlodinium cf. polykrikoides produced discolorations in the entire Pacific coast followed by extensive stains of Akasiwo sanguinea and Gymnodinium instriatum. The latest event was observed in June 2005 when Alexandrium monilatum produced extensive discolorations with chains formed by more than 100 cells. The HAB of dinoflagellates are now common along the coasts of Costa Rica, possibly as a result of the current environmental conditions that favor the massive proliferation of invasive species (aggressive), which can even affect other sites in the American Pacific as the case of P. bahamense var. compressum which can be moved towards Mexico along the Central Pacific Coast through the Costa Rica Current Flow and Mexican Western Current.
Descripción
Palabras clave
FAN, FITOPLANCTON, DINOFLAGELLATES, PACIFIC, COSTA RICA