Organizaciones femeninas y participación de la mujer en los espacios públicos costarricenses, (1915-1953)
Fecha
2022-12-09
Autores
Arce Aguirre, Dalia Rebeca
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación se enfocó en el estudio de las discursividades femeninas de la
primera mitad del siglo XX en Costa Rica. A través de los análisis de diversos
medios escritos se pudo comprender cómo fue la sociabilidad de las mujeres de la
época. Los diferentes periódicos estudiados contribuyeron a comprender la
heterogeneidad de las luchas y sus características, además visualizar las
demandas, los objetivos y los alcances —que se pretendían obtener— desde los
distintos grupos femeninos. Las diferentes fuentes permitieron conocer los
posicionamientos respecto al papel de las mujeres en la sociedad.
Desde los postulados del género y los roles de género, así como de sus
transformaciones, fue posible conocer el contexto en el cual se llevaron a cabo las
resignificaciones y redefiniciones de lo femenino. Vale la pena señalar que los
acercamientos al fenómeno en estudio y a las fuentes, se realizarán tanto desde las
posiciones femeninas como desde las masculinas. Es decir, durante el periodo en
estudio (1915-1953), existió toda una carga simbólica relacionada estrechamente
con los roles de género atribuidos a las y los individuos. Así, se va a analizar la
transición que tuvieron las mujeres de los espacios privados a los espacios públicos.
De tal forma, se expondrá el tipo de participación que tuvieron las mujeres en los
diferentes ámbitos de la sociedad ya sea en lo político, económico y social. Por otro
lado, y en concordancia con las problemáticas y los objetivos de investigación, se
hará referencia a dos organizaciones femeninas, la Acción Católica Femenina y la
Juventud Obrera Católica Femenina, las cuales han sido poco estudiadas a nivel
nacional desde la disciplina histórica.
En última instancia, se hará un recorrido sobre una serie de aspectos como lo fueron
las permisiones y sanciones que sufrieron muchas mujeres. Esta historia aún es
invisibilizada. Por esta razón, resulta necesario incluirla en la reflexión de los
estudios de las mujeres costarricenses. Por medio de los resultados de esta
investigación, se desea contribuir en la construcción de la historia desde las miradas
femeninas, convirtiéndose en una tarea necesaria de conocer desde diversos
posicionamientos las voces y las luchas emprendidas por las mujeres.
This research focused on the study of women's discursiveness in the first half of the twentieth century in Costa Rica. Through the analysis of different written media, it was possible to understand the sociability of women of the time. The different newspapers studied contributed to understand the heterogeneity of the struggles and their characteristics, as well as to visualize the demands, objectives and achievements -which were intended to be obtained- from the different female groups. The different sources made it possible to understand the positions regarding the role of women in society. From the postulates of gender and gender roles, as well as their transformations, it was possible to know the context in which the resignifications and redefinitions of the feminine took place. It is worth noting that the approaches to the phenomenon under study and to the sources will be made both from the feminine and masculine positions. That is to say, during the period under study (1915-1953), there was a whole symbolic load closely related to the gender roles attributed to individuals. Thus, the transition of women from private to public spaces will be analyzed. In this way, the type of participation that women had in the different spheres of society, whether in the political, economic or social spheres, will be presented. On the other hand, and in accordance with the problems and research objectives, reference will be made to two women's organizations, the Acción Católica Femenina and the Juventud Obrera Católica Femenina, which have been little studied at the national level from the historical discipline. Ultimately, a series of aspects such as the permissions and sanctions suffered by many women will be discussed. This history is still invisible. For this reason, it is necessary to include it in the reflection of Costa Rican women's studies. Through the results of this research, we wish to contribute to the construction of history from the feminine point of view, making it a necessary task to know the voices and struggles undertaken by women from different positions.
This research focused on the study of women's discursiveness in the first half of the twentieth century in Costa Rica. Through the analysis of different written media, it was possible to understand the sociability of women of the time. The different newspapers studied contributed to understand the heterogeneity of the struggles and their characteristics, as well as to visualize the demands, objectives and achievements -which were intended to be obtained- from the different female groups. The different sources made it possible to understand the positions regarding the role of women in society. From the postulates of gender and gender roles, as well as their transformations, it was possible to know the context in which the resignifications and redefinitions of the feminine took place. It is worth noting that the approaches to the phenomenon under study and to the sources will be made both from the feminine and masculine positions. That is to say, during the period under study (1915-1953), there was a whole symbolic load closely related to the gender roles attributed to individuals. Thus, the transition of women from private to public spaces will be analyzed. In this way, the type of participation that women had in the different spheres of society, whether in the political, economic or social spheres, will be presented. On the other hand, and in accordance with the problems and research objectives, reference will be made to two women's organizations, the Acción Católica Femenina and the Juventud Obrera Católica Femenina, which have been little studied at the national level from the historical discipline. Ultimately, a series of aspects such as the permissions and sanctions suffered by many women will be discussed. This history is still invisible. For this reason, it is necessary to include it in the reflection of Costa Rican women's studies. Through the results of this research, we wish to contribute to the construction of history from the feminine point of view, making it a necessary task to know the voices and struggles undertaken by women from different positions.
Descripción
Palabras clave
MUJERES EN EL DESARROLLO NACIONAL, WOMEN IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, PARTICIPACIÓN DE LA MUJER, WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION, MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, MUJERES, WOMEN, COSTA RICA