Estimación de la prevalencia, susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y serotipificación de Salmonella enterica recuperada de primates no humanos de nuevo mundo, de alimentos y de superficies en centros de cautiverio de animales silvestres en Costa Rica
Fecha
2022
Autores
Rojas Sánchez, Ernesto
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La preocupación por las zoonosis y la vida silvestre ha aumentado debido al creciente
acercamiento entre la vida silvestre y los humanos como resultado de la expansión
humana, la globalización, el cambio climático y las alteraciones en el ecosistema.
Pocos estudios describieron el papel de los mamíferos silvestres y los ambientes en
la epidemiología de Salmonella. A nivel mundial, más de 93 millones de casos de
gastroenteritis por año están asociados con Salmonella en países desarrollados y en
desarrollo. La resistencia a los antimicrobianos es un problema creciente asociado
con Salmonella que amenaza la salud mundial, la seguridad alimentaria, la economía
y el desarrollo en el siglo XXI. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la prevalencia,
identificar perfiles de susceptibilidad antibiótica y serotipos de Salmonella enterica no
tifoidea recuperada de heces de primates no humanos, alimentos ofrecidos y
superficies en diez centros de cautiverio en Costa Rica. Se evaluaron un total de 180
muestras fecales de 10 sitios de manejo, distribuidas en 133 muestras de superficie y
43 muestras de alimentos. Recuperamos Salmonella enterica de las heces del 13.9%
de las muestras, el 11.3% de las superficies y el 2.3% de las muestras de alimentos.
Los perfiles de no susceptibilidad incluyeron seis aislamientos de heces (14.6%):
cuatro no susceptibles (9.8%) a ciprofloxacina, uno (2.4%) a nitrofurantoína y uno
tanto a ciprofloxacina como a nitrofurantoína (2.4%). En cuanto a los ambientes, un
perfil fue no susceptible a la ciprofloxacina (2.4%) y dos a nitrofurantoina (4.8%). El
único aislamiento de alimentos resultó pansusceptible. De los aislamientos de heces,
el 16% (4/25) coincidieron con los serotipos Typhimurium/I4,[5],12:i:-, S.
Braenderup/Ohio, S. Newport y S.Anatum/Saintpaul. S. Westhampton se aisló de las
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superficies en el 15.4% (2/13) y en el 100% (1/1) de los alimentos aislados. La
vigilancia epidemiológica de Salmonella y otros agentes zoonóticos en estos sitios y
animales silvestres, así como los patrones de transmisión, pueden favorecer la
creación de estrategias para la prevención de la enfermedad y su diseminación. El
abordaje de las zoonosis y resistencia antimicrobiana, así como la mitigación de sus
efectos requiere un esfuerzo orientado en Una Salud.
Concern about zoonoses and wildlife has increased due to growing rapprochement between wildlife and humans as a result of human expansion, globalization, climate change and alterations in the ecosystem. Few studies described the role of wild mammals and environments in the epidemiology of Salmonella. Globally, more than 93 million gastroenteritis cases annually are associated with Salmonella in developed and developing countries. Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem associated with Salmonella that threatens global health, food security, economy, and development in the 21st century. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence, identify antibiotic susceptibility profiles and serotypes of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica recovered from non-human primate feces, food offered and surfaces in captive centers in Costa Rica. A total of 180 fecal samples from 10 management sites, 133 surface and 43 food samples were evaluated. We recovered Salmonella enterica out of feces from 13.9% of samples, 11.3% from surfaces and 2.3% from food samples. Non-susceptibility profiles included six isolates from feces (14.6%): four non-susceptible isolates (9.8%) to ciprofloxacin, one (2.4%) to nitrofurantoin and one to both ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin (2.4%). Regarding the environments, one profile was non-susceptible to ciprofloxacin (2.4%) and two to nitrofurantoin (4.8%). The only food isolate was found to be pansusceptible. Of the isolates from feces, 16% (4/25) coincided with serotypes Typhimurium/I4,[5],12:i:-, S. Braenderup/Ohio, S. Newport, and S. Anatum/Saintpaul. S. Westhampton was isolated from surfaces in 15.4% (2/13) and in 100% (1/1) of food isolates. The epidemiological surveillance of Salmonella and other zoonotic agents in these sites and wildlife, in addition to the patterns of transmission, can serve for the creation of strategies for the prevention of the disease and its dissemination. Addressing zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance, as well as mitigating their effects, requires a One Health-approach.
Concern about zoonoses and wildlife has increased due to growing rapprochement between wildlife and humans as a result of human expansion, globalization, climate change and alterations in the ecosystem. Few studies described the role of wild mammals and environments in the epidemiology of Salmonella. Globally, more than 93 million gastroenteritis cases annually are associated with Salmonella in developed and developing countries. Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem associated with Salmonella that threatens global health, food security, economy, and development in the 21st century. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence, identify antibiotic susceptibility profiles and serotypes of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica recovered from non-human primate feces, food offered and surfaces in captive centers in Costa Rica. A total of 180 fecal samples from 10 management sites, 133 surface and 43 food samples were evaluated. We recovered Salmonella enterica out of feces from 13.9% of samples, 11.3% from surfaces and 2.3% from food samples. Non-susceptibility profiles included six isolates from feces (14.6%): four non-susceptible isolates (9.8%) to ciprofloxacin, one (2.4%) to nitrofurantoin and one to both ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin (2.4%). Regarding the environments, one profile was non-susceptible to ciprofloxacin (2.4%) and two to nitrofurantoin (4.8%). The only food isolate was found to be pansusceptible. Of the isolates from feces, 16% (4/25) coincided with serotypes Typhimurium/I4,[5],12:i:-, S. Braenderup/Ohio, S. Newport, and S. Anatum/Saintpaul. S. Westhampton was isolated from surfaces in 15.4% (2/13) and in 100% (1/1) of food isolates. The epidemiological surveillance of Salmonella and other zoonotic agents in these sites and wildlife, in addition to the patterns of transmission, can serve for the creation of strategies for the prevention of the disease and its dissemination. Addressing zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance, as well as mitigating their effects, requires a One Health-approach.
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Palabras clave
SALMONELLA, ANTIBIÓTICOS, PRIMATES, MONO, SALUD ANIMAL, ANIMAL HEALTH, MONKEYS, ZOONOSIS