Propuesta de mejora en los procedimientos poscosecha del banano de exportacion en el Grupo San Alberto, Siquirres, Costa Rica
Fecha
2021
Autores
Araya Arroyo, Luis Diego
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación fue realizada en las fincas pertenecientes al grupo San Alberto, localizadas en Siquirres provincia de Limón. Se realizó un análisis operativo de las empacadoras, para poder comparar las percepciones y realizar un manual de empaque propio de las fincas, y que sea un instrumento de soporte en la exportación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la elaboración de un plan de acción, el cual consideró mejorar los procedimientos operativos e incluyó los aspectos básicos de empaque como especificaciones de calidad, medición de defectos y una guía de inspección para incrementar el aprovechamiento y la calidad de la fruta. La metodológica se basó en un diagnóstico situacional y operacional para determinar la actualidad de los procesos. Luego se realizó una sistematización de la información, y posteriormente analizar las etapas del proceso, con el fin de lograr un aumento del aprovechamiento de fruta. El resultado de este análisis generó un manual de procedimientos de empaque que mejore la eficiencia de los procesos. También, la uniformización de los defectos de banano, definiendo su grado de tolerancia y severidad, crea la base conceptual, que equipara los sistemas de revisión de las fincas con las metodologías de revisión de los clientes internacionales. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que el manual de procedimiento de empaque permite aumentar el aprovechamiento de fruta de banano en primera clase y reducir los niveles de segunda clase y con esto se optimiza el proceso de exportación.
This research was carried out on the farms belonging to the San Alberto group, located in Siquirres, province of Limón. An operational analysis of the packinghouses was carried out to compare perceptions and to make aa packing manual specific to these farms, which would be a support instrument for exportation. The objective of this work is to elaborate an action plan, which considered the improvement of operational procedures and included the basic aspects of packing, such as quality specifications, measurement of defects and an inspection guide to increase the performance and quality of the fruit. The methodological proposal is based on a situational and operational diagnosis to determine the current state of the processes. The information is then systematized, and the stages of the process are analyzed to achieve an increase in the fruit yield. The result of this analysis generates a manual of packing procedures to improve the efficiency of the processes. Likewise, the standardization of banana defects, defining their degree of tolerance and severity, creates a conceptual basis that brings the inspection systems of the farms into line with the inspection methodologies of international customers. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the manual of packing procedures allows increasing the performance of banana fruit in first-class and to reduce the levels of the second class, thus optimizing the export process.
This research was carried out on the farms belonging to the San Alberto group, located in Siquirres, province of Limón. An operational analysis of the packinghouses was carried out to compare perceptions and to make aa packing manual specific to these farms, which would be a support instrument for exportation. The objective of this work is to elaborate an action plan, which considered the improvement of operational procedures and included the basic aspects of packing, such as quality specifications, measurement of defects and an inspection guide to increase the performance and quality of the fruit. The methodological proposal is based on a situational and operational diagnosis to determine the current state of the processes. The information is then systematized, and the stages of the process are analyzed to achieve an increase in the fruit yield. The result of this analysis generates a manual of packing procedures to improve the efficiency of the processes. Likewise, the standardization of banana defects, defining their degree of tolerance and severity, creates a conceptual basis that brings the inspection systems of the farms into line with the inspection methodologies of international customers. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the manual of packing procedures allows increasing the performance of banana fruit in first-class and to reduce the levels of the second class, thus optimizing the export process.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería Agronómica
Palabras clave
BANANO, BANANA, FRUTAS, FRUIT, CALIDAD, AGRICULTURA COMERCIAL, QUALITYCOMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE, EXPORTACIONES, EXPORTS, COMERCIO EXTERIOR, FOREIGN TRADE, PRODUCTOS AGROPECUARIOS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, INDUSTRIA DEL BANANO, BANANA INDUSTRY