Pasantía en manejo reproductivo en hatos bovinos de carne y leche en fincas ubicadas en la región Huetar Atlántica de Costa Rica
Fecha
2025-07-30
Autores
Madrigal Araya, Stefany
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La ganadería es una de las principales actividades económicas en Costa Rica y su éxito está directamente vinculado con el manejo reproductivo del hato. Dicho manejo resulta crucial para garantizar tanto la sostenibilidad del sistema, así como un retorno económico satisfactorio para el productor. Este hecho motivó la realización de una pasantía cuyo objetivo fue desarrollar y reforzar habilidades relacionadas con el manejo reproductivo en fincas dedicadas a la cría de bovinos y producción láctea, ubicadas en la región Huetar Atlántica de Costa Rica. Para ello se visitaron 24 fincas en un periodo comprendido entre el 10 de enero y el 03 de octubre de 2024, cumpliendo con un total de 327 horas bajo la supervisión del Dr. Andrés Aguilar Chavarría. En este periodo se atendieron 1477 pacientes, siendo 1381 (93,50%) bovinos y 96 (6,50%) búfalos. En estos animales se realizaron un total de 933 diagnósticos reproductivos mediante palpación transrectal y ultrasonografía, 68 protocolos de sincronización de celo, cuatro casos de complicaciones relacionadas con el parto y lactancia (parto distócico, retención de placenta, mastitis) y 645 procedimientos relacionados con medicina preventiva (muestreo, prueba y vacunación). Además, se tuvo la oportunidad de asistir al Dr. Aguilar en 19 procedimientos de inseminación artificial, 27 transferencias de embriones, ocho aspiraciones foliculares y tres evaluaciones andrológicas a campo. La experiencia adquirida durante la pasantía permitió alcanzar los objetivos planteados inicialmente, al reforzar conocimientos y desarrollar nuevas destrezas en el ámbito reproductivo. A través de este proceso se concluyó que la reproducción constituye un pilar fundamental en los sistemas de producción bovinos los cuales requieren del trabajo conjunto entre médico veterinario y productor para alcanzar la mayor eficiencia posible; mediante la implementación de estrategias técnicas, toma de decisiones asertivas y manejo adecuado.
Livestock farming is one of the main economic activities in Costa Rica, and its success is directly linked to the reproductive management of the herd. Such management is crucial to ensure both the sustainability of the system and a satisfactory economic return for the producer. This motivated the completion of an internship whose objective was to develop and reinforce skills related to reproductive management on farms dedicated to cattle breeding and dairy production located in the Huetar Atlántica region of Costa Rica. For this purpose, 24 farms were visited between January 10 and October 3, 2024, completing a total of 327 hours under the supervision of Dr. Andrés Aguilar Chavarría. During this period, 1,477 patients were treated, 1,381 (93.50%) cattle and 96 (6.50%) buffalo. A total of 933 reproductive diagnoses were performed on these animals using transrectal palpation and ultrasound, along with 68 estrus synchronization protocols, four cases of complications related to parturition and lactation (dystocic delivery, retained placenta, mastitis), and 645 preventive medicine procedures (sampling, testing, and vaccination). In addition, the internship provided the opportunity to assist Dr. Aguilar in 19 artificial insemination procedures, 27 embryo transfers, eight follicular aspirations, and three field andrological evaluations. The experience gained during the internship allowed us to achieve the initially stated objectives by reinforcing knowledge and developing new skills in the reproductive field. Through this process, it was concluded that reproduction constitutes a fundamental pillar in bovine production systems, which require collaborative work between the veterinarian and the producer to achieve the greatest possible efficiency through the implementation of technical strategies, assertive decision-making, and appropriate management.
Livestock farming is one of the main economic activities in Costa Rica, and its success is directly linked to the reproductive management of the herd. Such management is crucial to ensure both the sustainability of the system and a satisfactory economic return for the producer. This motivated the completion of an internship whose objective was to develop and reinforce skills related to reproductive management on farms dedicated to cattle breeding and dairy production located in the Huetar Atlántica region of Costa Rica. For this purpose, 24 farms were visited between January 10 and October 3, 2024, completing a total of 327 hours under the supervision of Dr. Andrés Aguilar Chavarría. During this period, 1,477 patients were treated, 1,381 (93.50%) cattle and 96 (6.50%) buffalo. A total of 933 reproductive diagnoses were performed on these animals using transrectal palpation and ultrasound, along with 68 estrus synchronization protocols, four cases of complications related to parturition and lactation (dystocic delivery, retained placenta, mastitis), and 645 preventive medicine procedures (sampling, testing, and vaccination). In addition, the internship provided the opportunity to assist Dr. Aguilar in 19 artificial insemination procedures, 27 embryo transfers, eight follicular aspirations, and three field andrological evaluations. The experience gained during the internship allowed us to achieve the initially stated objectives by reinforcing knowledge and developing new skills in the reproductive field. Through this process, it was concluded that reproduction constitutes a fundamental pillar in bovine production systems, which require collaborative work between the veterinarian and the producer to achieve the greatest possible efficiency through the implementation of technical strategies, assertive decision-making, and appropriate management.
Descripción
Palabras clave
REPRODUCCIÓN ANIMAL, BIOTECNOLOGIA, BOVINOS, ANIMAL REPRODUCTION, BIOTECNOLOGY, BOVINE