Análisis del modelo planteado por la metodología CARDT para la atención de las necesidades de las personas jóvenes de la comunidad de Guararí, de la provincia de Heredia, Costa Rica, inmersos en situación de vulnerabilidad en el periodo 2018-2020
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Fecha
2022-05-28
Autores
Varela Quesada, Tatiana
Vargas Ortiz, Heydi
Marín Porras, Ayerin
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el modelo planteado por la metodología CARDT referente a la atención de las necesidades de las personas jóvenes de 13 a 17 años de edad en situación de riesgo social de la comunidad de Guararí, San Francisco de Heredia, con el propósito de formular acciones y estrategias que contribuyan al abordaje de esta población.
La metodología CARDT son las siglas de las estrategias de cultura, arte, recreación, deporte y tecnología, y es aplicada por los Centros Cívicos de la Paz en procesos de intervención llevados a cabo con las personas jóvenes. Tiene como objetivo el fortalecimiento de capacidades y aptitudes de dicha población por medio de procesos de formación que abarquen temáticas culturales, artísticas, recreativas, deportivas y tecnológicas que permitan el abordaje y prevención de problemáticas sociales. La implementación de esta es reciente ya que sus inicios se dieron en el año 2018, no se ha realizado un estudio referente a sus alcances, ni se ha hecho una valoración de la incidencia que tiene en las necesidades de las personas jóvenes de edades entre los 13 y los 17 años, lo cual corresponde al rango etario que ocupa la presente investigación.
CARDT cuenta con la participación y aportes de diversas instituciones público/privadas, dentro de las instituciones públicas vinculadas se mencionan al Ministerio de Justicia y Paz (MJP), el Patronato Nacional de la Infancia (PANI), el Consejo de la Persona Joven (CPJ), el Ministerio de Cultura y Juventud, Instituto Nacional de la Mujer (INAMU), Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP), Sistema Nacional de Educación Musical (SINEM), Ministerio de Salud, Ministerio de Ciencias y Tecnología y el gobierno local. Por otra parte, se reconocen organizaciones no gubernamentales que han generado aportes a la metodología CARDT como son el Centro Joven, UNBOUND, el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF), GlassWing, Tierra Fértil, Paniamor y Red internacional, entre otras.
El marco teórico brinda una comprensión y orientación de la investigación a través de definiciones y conceptos, por lo que se inicia con la conceptualización de juventud, ya que esta es la población en estudio. Posteriormente, se realiza la descripción de conceptos fundamentales para comprender el contexto socioeconómico y la influencia de este sobre la población menor de edad, y seguidamente se introducen conceptos vinculados a la gestión de proyectos y gestión organizacional, con el fin de comprender el desarrollo de la gestión de la metodología CARDT.
La presente investigación se desarrolla dentro del enfoque cualitativo, con el cual se logra un análisis profundo y reflexivo del contexto en el que se encuentran inmersos los sujetos de estudio. Además, se selecciona el tipo de investigación participativa ya que los sujetos contribuyen de manera activa a lo largo del proceso de investigación, lo que permite realizar de la forma más detallada posible el estudio de la población meta y su realidad.
El análisis de resultados permite la construcción de: (1) la descripción general de la organización: Centro Cívico por la Paz Heredia, (2) el análisis de la metodología CARDT y (3) la situación general actual de las personas jóvenes que participan en la Metodología CARDT. Esto posibilita conocer cuáles son las deficiencias presentes en la metodología y con ello llegar a proponer las acciones estratégicas que contribuyan a aumentar la efectividad de esta con respecto a la atención de la población meta.
Los principales hallazgos obtenidos del análisis de los resultados relacionados con la metodología CARDT son: (1) la necesidad de establecer canales de comunicación propicios para la exposición de resultados obtenidos tanto en los procesos de gestión interinstitucional como en los procesos de intervención llevados a cabo con las personas jóvenes; (2) la metodología se mantiene en una constante alienación tanto con el Centro Cívico como con el Ministerio de Justicia y Paz, lo que limita la definición de procesos que potencien su implementación y una mejora en su gestión ligados a (I) las alianzas estratégicas, (II) manejo de recursos económicos, tecnológicos, humanos y materiales, (III) definición de objetivos y alcance y (IV) la definición de un sistema de monitoreo, seguimiento y evaluación.
En relación con la percepción de las personas jóvenes se obtienen los siguientes hallazgos del análisis de resultados, (1) los y las participantes mencionan que el estudio es un medio de superación, pero que requieren de algún tipo de soporte económico o adecuación curricular que contribuya a su permanencia dentro del sistema educativo; (2) las personas jóvenes perciben su entorno comunal como inseguro, lo cual influye en el pleno desarrollo y calidad de vida de la población meta; (3) los y las participantes están interesados en el desarrollo y participación de actividades de índole cultural, artística, recreativa, deportiva y tecnológica. Sin embargo, se evidencia que (I) la población meta no está involucrada en los procesos de diagnósticos, ni de toma de decisiones, (II) se debe proponer una mayor variedad de actividades y (III) se requieren mejoras en la divulgación de información y conocimiento de la metodología.
También se expresa una propuesta derivada del análisis de los datos que permite establecer cuáles son los puntos álgidos para la implantación de mejoras, donde se prioriza la atención de las siguientes variables: (1) reconocimiento de la metodología CARDT como programa, (2) mejora en la divulgación de la información, (3) fortalecimiento de los espacios de comunicación para mejorar la coordinación de las instituciones vinculadas y (4) creación de un sistema de monitoreo, seguimiento y evaluación.
Finalmente, las recomendaciones y conclusiones presentan de forma sintetizada consideraciones generales de todo el proceso de investigación, con el fin de que la institucionalidad pueda incorporar, además de los cambios sugeridos en la propuesta, las acciones de mejora establecidas en la vinculación institucional de la metodología CARDT.
The objective of this research work is to analyze the model proposed by the CARDT methodology regarding the attention to the needs of young people from 13 to 17 years of age in a situation of social risk in the community of Guararí, San Francisco de Heredia, with the purpose of formulating actions and strategies that contribute to the approach of this population. The CARDT methodology stands for culture, art, recreation, sports and technology strategies, and is applied by the Civic Centers of Peace in intervention processes carried out with young people. Its objective is to strengthen the capacities and aptitudes of said population through training processes that cover cultural, artistic, recreational, sports and technological topics that allow the approach and prevention of social problems. The implementation of this is recent since its beginnings occurred in 2018, a study regarding its scope has not been carried out, nor has an assessment been made of the incidence it has on the needs of young people aged between 13 and 17 years old, which corresponds to the age range that occupies the present investigation. CARDT relies on the participation and contributions of various public/private institutions, within the public institutions linked are Ministerio de Justicia y Paz (MJP), Patronato Nacional de la Infancia (PANI), Consejo de la Persona Joven (CPJ), Ministerio de Cultura y Juventud, Instituto Nacional de la Mujer (INAMU), Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP), Sistema Nacional de Educación Musical (SINEM), Ministerio de Salud, Ministerio de Ciencias y Tecnología, and the local government. On the other hand, non-governmental organizations that have generated contributions to the CARDT methodology are recognized, such as Centro Joven, UNBOUND, el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF), GlassWing, Tierra Fértil, Paniamor y Red internacional, among others. The theoretical framework provides an understanding and orientation of the research through definitions and concepts, so it begins with the conceptualization of youth, since this is the population under study. Subsequently, the description of fundamental concepts is carried out to understand the socioeconomic context and its influence on the minor population, and then concepts related to project management and organizational management are introduced, in order to understand the development of the management of the CARDT methodology. The present investigation is developed within the qualitative approach, with which a deep and reflexive analysis of the context in which the study subjects are immersed is achieved. In addition, the type of participatory research is selected since the subjects contribute actively throughout the research process, which allows the study of the target population and its reality to be carried out in the most detailed way possible. The analysis of results allows the construction of: (1) the general description of the organization: Centro Cívico por la Paz Heredia, (2) the analysis of the CARDT methodology and (3) the current general situation of the young people who participate in the CARDT Methodology. This makes it possible to know what are the deficiencies present in the methodology and thereby come to propose strategic actions that contribute to increasing its effectiveness with respect to the care of the target population. The main findings obtained from the analysis of the results related to the CARDT methodology are: (1) the need to establish communication channels conducive to the presentation of results obtained both in the inter-institutional management processes and in the intervention processes carried out with young; (2) the methodology remains in constant alienation both with the Centro Cívico and with the Ministerio de Justicia y Paz, which limits the definition of processes that enhance its implementation and an improvement in its management linked to (I) strategic alliances , (II) management of economic, technological, human, and material resources, (III) definition of objectives and scope, and (IV) definition of a monitoring, follow-up, and evaluation system. In relation to the perception of young people, the following findings are obtained from the analysis of results, (1) the participants mention that the study is a means of improvement, but that they require some type of economic support or curricular adaptation that contributes to their permanence within the educational system; (2) young people perceive their community environment as unsafe, which influences the full development and quality of life of the target population; (3) the participants are interested in the development and participation of activities of a cultural, artistic, recreational, sports and technological nature. However, it is evident that (I) the target population is not involved in the diagnostic or decision-making processes, (II) a greater variety of activities should be proposed, and (III) improvements are required in the dissemination of information and knowledge of the methodology. A proposal derived from the analysis of the data is also expressed, which makes it possible to establish which are the critical points for the implementation of improvements, where attention to the following variables is prioritized: (1) recognition of the CARDT methodology as a program, (2) improvement in the dissemination of information, (3) strengthening of communication spaces to improve the coordination of related institutions and (4) creation of a monitoring, follow-up and evaluation system. Finally, the recommendations and conclusions present in a synthesized form general considerations of the entire research process, so that the institutionality can incorporate, in addition to the changes suggested in the proposal, the improvement actions established in the institutional linkage of the methodology CARDT.
The objective of this research work is to analyze the model proposed by the CARDT methodology regarding the attention to the needs of young people from 13 to 17 years of age in a situation of social risk in the community of Guararí, San Francisco de Heredia, with the purpose of formulating actions and strategies that contribute to the approach of this population. The CARDT methodology stands for culture, art, recreation, sports and technology strategies, and is applied by the Civic Centers of Peace in intervention processes carried out with young people. Its objective is to strengthen the capacities and aptitudes of said population through training processes that cover cultural, artistic, recreational, sports and technological topics that allow the approach and prevention of social problems. The implementation of this is recent since its beginnings occurred in 2018, a study regarding its scope has not been carried out, nor has an assessment been made of the incidence it has on the needs of young people aged between 13 and 17 years old, which corresponds to the age range that occupies the present investigation. CARDT relies on the participation and contributions of various public/private institutions, within the public institutions linked are Ministerio de Justicia y Paz (MJP), Patronato Nacional de la Infancia (PANI), Consejo de la Persona Joven (CPJ), Ministerio de Cultura y Juventud, Instituto Nacional de la Mujer (INAMU), Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP), Sistema Nacional de Educación Musical (SINEM), Ministerio de Salud, Ministerio de Ciencias y Tecnología, and the local government. On the other hand, non-governmental organizations that have generated contributions to the CARDT methodology are recognized, such as Centro Joven, UNBOUND, el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF), GlassWing, Tierra Fértil, Paniamor y Red internacional, among others. The theoretical framework provides an understanding and orientation of the research through definitions and concepts, so it begins with the conceptualization of youth, since this is the population under study. Subsequently, the description of fundamental concepts is carried out to understand the socioeconomic context and its influence on the minor population, and then concepts related to project management and organizational management are introduced, in order to understand the development of the management of the CARDT methodology. The present investigation is developed within the qualitative approach, with which a deep and reflexive analysis of the context in which the study subjects are immersed is achieved. In addition, the type of participatory research is selected since the subjects contribute actively throughout the research process, which allows the study of the target population and its reality to be carried out in the most detailed way possible. The analysis of results allows the construction of: (1) the general description of the organization: Centro Cívico por la Paz Heredia, (2) the analysis of the CARDT methodology and (3) the current general situation of the young people who participate in the CARDT Methodology. This makes it possible to know what are the deficiencies present in the methodology and thereby come to propose strategic actions that contribute to increasing its effectiveness with respect to the care of the target population. The main findings obtained from the analysis of the results related to the CARDT methodology are: (1) the need to establish communication channels conducive to the presentation of results obtained both in the inter-institutional management processes and in the intervention processes carried out with young; (2) the methodology remains in constant alienation both with the Centro Cívico and with the Ministerio de Justicia y Paz, which limits the definition of processes that enhance its implementation and an improvement in its management linked to (I) strategic alliances , (II) management of economic, technological, human, and material resources, (III) definition of objectives and scope, and (IV) definition of a monitoring, follow-up, and evaluation system. In relation to the perception of young people, the following findings are obtained from the analysis of results, (1) the participants mention that the study is a means of improvement, but that they require some type of economic support or curricular adaptation that contributes to their permanence within the educational system; (2) young people perceive their community environment as unsafe, which influences the full development and quality of life of the target population; (3) the participants are interested in the development and participation of activities of a cultural, artistic, recreational, sports and technological nature. However, it is evident that (I) the target population is not involved in the diagnostic or decision-making processes, (II) a greater variety of activities should be proposed, and (III) improvements are required in the dissemination of information and knowledge of the methodology. A proposal derived from the analysis of the data is also expressed, which makes it possible to establish which are the critical points for the implementation of improvements, where attention to the following variables is prioritized: (1) recognition of the CARDT methodology as a program, (2) improvement in the dissemination of information, (3) strengthening of communication spaces to improve the coordination of related institutions and (4) creation of a monitoring, follow-up and evaluation system. Finally, the recommendations and conclusions present in a synthesized form general considerations of the entire research process, so that the institutionality can incorporate, in addition to the changes suggested in the proposal, the improvement actions established in the institutional linkage of the methodology CARDT.
Descripción
Agradecemos a Dios porque pudimos concluir con el trabajo.
Palabras clave
PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA, STRATEGIC PLANNING, EFECTIVIDAD ORGANIZACIONAL, ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS, JÓVENES, YOUTHS, VULNERABILIDAD, VULNERABILITY, HEREDIA (COSTA RICA)