Populismo y democracia en Costa Rica: tensiones y conflicto de poderes en 2025
Fecha
2026-01-30
Autores
Méndez-Castellanos, Fernando José
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Universidad Estatal a Distancia
Resumen
Desde los albores del siglo XXI, la democracia costarricense enfrenta nuevos desafíos que han reconfigurado el panorama político nacional, como la crisis del sistema de partidos políticos, el desalineamiento electoral y la decreciente participación ciudadana en las urnas. No obstante, esta investigación pretende evidenciar un problema que va más allá de lo electoral: el auge de discursos antidemocráticos, antisistema y antiinstitucionales, promulgados desde altas instancias del poder político, dirigidos a erosionar la legitimidad de instituciones públicas y del régimen democrático representativo. Se argumenta, en este sentido, que hay una creciente tendencia al deterioro de la democracia en el país, que está siendo profundizada por nuevas actitudes populistas que ganan terreno en la política y la ciudadanía costarricense.
Since the dawn of the 21st century, Costa Rican democracy hasfaced new challenges that have reshaped the national political landscape,such as the crisis of the political party system, electoral dealignment, anddeclining citizen participation at the polls. This research, however, aims tohighlight new challenges that go beyond the merely electoral: the rise of anti-democratic, anti-system, and anti-institutional discourses promulgated fromthe highest echelons of political power, with systematic attacks on thelegitimacy of public institutions and the representative democratic system. Inthis sense, it is argued that there is a growing trend toward democraticdeterioration in the country, which is being exacerbated by new populistattitudes that challenge Costa Rica's historic democratic achievements.
Since the dawn of the 21st century, Costa Rican democracy hasfaced new challenges that have reshaped the national political landscape,such as the crisis of the political party system, electoral dealignment, anddeclining citizen participation at the polls. This research, however, aims tohighlight new challenges that go beyond the merely electoral: the rise of anti-democratic, anti-system, and anti-institutional discourses promulgated fromthe highest echelons of political power, with systematic attacks on thelegitimacy of public institutions and the representative democratic system. Inthis sense, it is argued that there is a growing trend toward democraticdeterioration in the country, which is being exacerbated by new populistattitudes that challenge Costa Rica's historic democratic achievements.
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Palabras clave
DEMOCRACIA, DEMOCRACY, DERECHOS HUMANOS, RIGHTS HUMAN, CONFLICTOS POLÍTICOS, POLITICAL CONFLICTS, DEMOCRATIZACIÓN, DEMOCRATIZATION, POPULISMO, POPULISM
