Propuesta para el desarrollo de un plan de gestión ambiental para la conservación del recurso hídrico superficial del Río La Paz, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica
Fecha
2022
Autores
Kopper Álvarez, Diana Paola
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este proyecto se fundamenta en la elaboración de una propuesta para el desarrollo de un plan de gestión ambiental enfocado en la conservación del recurso hídrico superficial del río La Paz, ubicado en San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. El río La Paz es afluente del río Barranca, cuerpo de agua que desemboca en el mar. Por esta razón la unidad hidrográfica del río La Paz es considerada como subcuenca y no cuenca hidrográfica. Tanto el río La Paz como el río Barranca son empleados para el abastecimiento de consumo humano mediante la captación de sus recursos superficiales.
Los Pronósticos Planes de Gestión Ambiental (P-PGA) son una herramienta técnica que permite prevenir, mitigar y compensar potenciales impactos negativos al medio ambiente. En Costa Rica los P-PGA se encuentran regulados mediante el Reglamento General sobre Procedimientos de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) N° 31849-MINAE-S-MOPT-MAG-MEIC, donde se estipula su metodología de acción y el formato que deben presentar.
Tomando en cuenta los estudios de prefactibilidad elaborados, se puede mencionar que este proyecto es viable desde las perspectivas: social, legal, ambiental, técnica, organizacional y financiera, dando luz verde para su puesta en marcha.
El marco metodológico utilizado constó de tres etapas. La primera correspondió a la caracterización de las actividades socio productivas que se desarrollan en la subcuenca del río La Paz. La segunda etapa tuvo que ver con la elaboración de una versión preliminar de la propuesta de Plan de Gestión Ambiental (PGA). La tercera y última etapa consistió en la validación de la propuesta de PGA realizada, mediante grupos focales con expertos en el tema y actores clave del proyecto.
Como principales resultados se obtuvo un mapa de uso de suelo de la subcuenca del río, así como la versión final de la Propuesta de PGA agregando las observaciones de las personas participantes de los grupos focales. Adicionalmente, se pudieron evidenciar hallazgos durante las visitas de campo realizadas.
Se concluyó que la subcuenca del río La Paz presenta siete gremios socio productivos diversos. El Plan de Gestión Ambiental elaborado ofrece alternativas de prevención mitigación y compensación de potenciales impactos a los bienes comunes de la subcuenca del río La Paz. La propuesta de PGA permite el trabajo en conjunto de la institucionalidad y la comunidad. A lo largo de la subcuenca se presentan vertidos de aguas ordinarias no tratadas al alcantarillado pluvial poniendo el riesgo la salud de los ríos La Paz y Barranca empleados para abastecimiento de consumo humano.
This project tackles the development of a proposed Environmental Stewardship Plan focused on the preservation of the superficial water resource in the La Paz River, located in the community of San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. La Paz River flows out to the Barranca River, which flows into the Ocean. This means that the La Paz River hydrographic unity should be considered a sub basin, not a basin. Water is withdrawn from both bodies of water for human provision and use. Environmental Stewardship Plans are a technical tool to enable prevention, mitigation and compensation of potential environmental risks. In Costa Rica, these plans are regulated by the “Reglamento General sobre Procedimientos de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental” (EIA) No 31849-MINAE-S-MOPT-MAG-MEIC, which details the methodology and format that must be used in said plans. The results of the pre-feasibility studies performed, shows that this project has the social, legal, environmental, technical, organizational and financial viability to move forward. The project methodology is set on 3 stages. Starting with the characterization of the social-profitable activities performed in the La Paz River sub basin. After that, the second stage was the development of a preliminary version of the Enviromental Stewardship Plan. And the third and last stage, validating this version of the plan, by submitting it to focus groups comprised of Subject Matter Experts and Key Stakeholders for the Plan. The key outputs of the project are a land use map for the La Paz River sub basin, as well as a version of the Environmental Stewardship Plan integrating the suggestions of the focused group sessions. In addition to the findings obtained in the various field visits In conclusion, the La Paz River sub basin has seven different social-profitable sectors. This Environmental Stewardship Plan provides alternatives to prevent mitigate and compensate potential impacts to the common resources in the La Paz River sub basin. This proposal also allows for further collaboration between institutions and the community. Cases of untreated ordinary water waste flowing to the storm drain were identified, potentially impacting the La Paz and Barranca superficial hydric resource, used for human provision.
This project tackles the development of a proposed Environmental Stewardship Plan focused on the preservation of the superficial water resource in the La Paz River, located in the community of San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. La Paz River flows out to the Barranca River, which flows into the Ocean. This means that the La Paz River hydrographic unity should be considered a sub basin, not a basin. Water is withdrawn from both bodies of water for human provision and use. Environmental Stewardship Plans are a technical tool to enable prevention, mitigation and compensation of potential environmental risks. In Costa Rica, these plans are regulated by the “Reglamento General sobre Procedimientos de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental” (EIA) No 31849-MINAE-S-MOPT-MAG-MEIC, which details the methodology and format that must be used in said plans. The results of the pre-feasibility studies performed, shows that this project has the social, legal, environmental, technical, organizational and financial viability to move forward. The project methodology is set on 3 stages. Starting with the characterization of the social-profitable activities performed in the La Paz River sub basin. After that, the second stage was the development of a preliminary version of the Enviromental Stewardship Plan. And the third and last stage, validating this version of the plan, by submitting it to focus groups comprised of Subject Matter Experts and Key Stakeholders for the Plan. The key outputs of the project are a land use map for the La Paz River sub basin, as well as a version of the Environmental Stewardship Plan integrating the suggestions of the focused group sessions. In addition to the findings obtained in the various field visits In conclusion, the La Paz River sub basin has seven different social-profitable sectors. This Environmental Stewardship Plan provides alternatives to prevent mitigate and compensate potential impacts to the common resources in the La Paz River sub basin. This proposal also allows for further collaboration between institutions and the community. Cases of untreated ordinary water waste flowing to the storm drain were identified, potentially impacting the La Paz and Barranca superficial hydric resource, used for human provision.
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Palabras clave
HIDROLOGIA, MANEJO AMBIENTAL, ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA, RIO LA PAZ (COSTA RICA), SAN RAMON (ALAJUELA), ALAJUELA (COSTA RICA), HYDROLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, WATER SUPPLY, LA PAZ RIVER (COSTA RICA)